乙酸丙酯合成工艺研究

A study on the synthesis process of propyl acetate

为提高全国职业院校技能大赛化学实验技术赛项乙酸丙酯的合成产率和精制收率,考察投料方法、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应温度对其合成产率、纯度、精制收率的影响,确定合成条件,即采用分水器装置和方法进行投料,反应时间不超过50 min,浓硫酸用量体积分数为1.40%~5.38%,酸醇摩尔比1∶1.0~1∶1.3,反应终止温度控制在104.0~109.0℃,辅以良好的纯化、精制操作。在此条件下,能使丙酯产率、纯度、精制收率分别保持在70%、90%、67%以上。

The effects of feeding method,reaction time,catalyst dosage,acid alcohol molar ratio,and reaction temperature on its synthesis yield,purity,and refining yield were investigated in order to improve the synthesis yield and refining yield of propyl acetate in the chemical experimental technology competition of the National Vocational College Skills Competition.The optimal synthesis conditions were determined by using a water separator device and method for feeding,with a reaction time not exceeding 50 minutes,concentrated sulfuric acid dosage accounting for 3%to 12%of the system mass percentage,acid alcohol molar ratio of 1∶1.0 to 1∶1.3,and reaction termination temperature controlled at 104.0 to 109.0℃,supplemented by good purification and refining operations.Under these conditions,the yield,purity,and refining yield of propyl ester can be maintained above 70%,90%,and 67%respectively.