微生物电化学技术原理及其在畜禽废弃物资源化领域的应用研究进展

Principles of Microbial Electrochemical Technology and Its Application in the Recycling of Livestock and Poultry Wastes

畜禽养殖集约化生产过程中排放的废弃物会对当地生态环境造成巨大压力。通过硫还原地杆菌(Geobacter sulfurreducens)小分子酸代谢、奥奈达希瓦氏菌(Shewanella oneidensis)有氧无氧代谢、导电菌毛(electrically conductive pili)直接接触和电子穿梭物质介导的胞外电子传递等呼吸代谢的理论研究,明确了电活性模式微生物的中心碳代谢途径、胞外电子传递过程及主要调控机制。基于对电活性菌呼吸代谢过程的理解,已开发并优化了以微生物燃料电池、微生物电解池和电场辅助好氧堆肥为主的多种微生物电化学系统。在降低化学需氧量、温室气体排放、抗生素和耐药基因等有害物质含量的同时,提高发电效率、阴极高附加值产物和有机肥腐殖质含量。综述了微生物电化学理论的研究进展并系统介绍了微生物电化学技术在畜禽废弃物资源化方面的应用研究,以期为畜禽废弃物资源化利用工艺的多元化发展提供参考和理论支撑。

The environment has been under great pressure as a consequence of the livestock waste discharged in the course of intensive production of livestock and poultry farming.By studying the elemental theory of respiratory metabolism,comprised of small molecule acid metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens,the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis,as well as extracellular electron transfer directly contacted and mediated by electrically conductive pili and electron shuttle substances,the central carbon metabolism pathway,basic extracellular electron transport process and main regulatory mechanisms of model electroactive microorganisms were examined.Owing to insights into the respiration and metabolism of electroactive bacteria,a variety of microbial electrochemical systems(MES)mainly based on microbial fuel cell,microbial electrolytic cell and electric-field-assisted aerobic compost had been developed and optimized.Not only MES were employed to reduce contents of hazardous substances including chemical oxygen demand,greenhouse gases,antibiotics and resistance genes,but they were also used to improve power generation efficiency,cathode high value-added products and humus contents of compost.The research progress of microbial electrochemical theory and thoroughly demonstrates the application of microbial electrochemical technology in the recycling of livestock and poultry waste were reviewed,so as to provide reference and theoretical foundation for the study of livestock waste utilization.