初诊妊娠期糖尿病患者健康教育需求调查及其与负性情绪的关系分析

Investigation of Health Education Needs of Newly Diagnosed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Analysis of Its Relationship with Negative Emotions

目的调查初诊妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者的健康教育需求,并分析其健康教育需求与负性情绪的关系。方法收集2022年1月至2023年12月期间在宜阳县人民医院收治的初诊GDM患者105例为研究对象,调查患者的健康教育需求;参考汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估患者负性情绪;采取Pearson法分析患者健康教育需求与HAMA、HAMD评分的相关性;线性回归分析初诊妊娠期糖尿病患者负性情绪的影响因素。结果本研究GDM患者平均健康知识需求评分为(60.83±9.99)分,呈中等偏上水平,HAMA评分为(14.16±4.38)分,HAMD评分为(14.64±3.98)分;按健康知识需求评分分为低需求组、中需求组、高需求组,高需求组文化程度高于中需求组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HAMA、HAMD评分组间比较:低需求组<中需求组<高需求组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);本组患者健康知识需求评分与HAMA评分、HAMD评分均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);线性回归分析显示年龄、文化程度和健康知识需求评分为GDM患者HAMA、HAMD评分的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论初诊GDM患者健康教育需求呈中等偏上水平,且与焦虑、抑郁情绪呈正相关,与年龄、文化程度共为负性情绪的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the health education needs of newly diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)patients and analyze the relationship between their health education needs and negative emotions.Methods A total of 105 newly diagnosed GDM patients treated in Yiyang County People’s Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were collected as research subjects.The health education needs of the patients were investigated;the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)were referred to assess the negative emotions of the patients;Pearson’s method was used to analyze the correlation between the health education needs of the patients and the scores of HAMA and HAMD;linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of negative emotions in newly diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus patients.Results In this study,the average health knowledge demand score of GDM patients was(60.83±9.99)points,which was at a medium to high level.The HAMA score was(14.16±4.38)points,and the HAMD score was(14.64±3.98)points.According to the health knowledge demand score,they were divided into low demand group,medium demand group,and high demand group.The educational level of the high demand group was higher than that of the medium demand group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The comparison of HAMA and HAMD scores between groups:low demand group<medium demand group<high demand group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The health knowledge demand score of the patients in this group was positively correlated with the HAMA score and HAMD score,with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).Linear regression analysis showed that age,educational level,and health knowledge demand score were the influencing factors of HAMA and HAMD scores in GDM patients,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The health education needs of newly diagnosed GDM patients are at a medium to high level,and they are positively correlated with anxiety and depression.Age and educational level are also influencing factors of negative emotions.