济源市2019年至2022年蚊虫监测结果及蚊媒传染病流行病学分析

Mosquito Monitoring Results from 2019 to 2022 in Jiyuan City and Epidemiological Analysis of Mosquito-Borne Infectious Diseases

目的探讨济源市2019年至2022年蚊虫监测结果及蚊媒传染病流行病学特征。方法2019年至2022年采用诱蚊灯在成蚊活动高峰期捕获成蚊,选择5个监测点,比较不同种类、不同生境蚊虫特点,分析蚊媒传染病流行病特征。结果2019年至2022年济源市共捕获成蚊151只,其中中华按蚊108只,占捕获总数71.52%,为优势蚊种。2019年至2022年济源市居民区、医院、公园、农户、牲畜棚均以中华按蚊为主,构成比分别为62.50%、66.67%、68.18%、72.00%、75.71%,不同生境蚊种构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=355.999,P<0.05)。2019年至2022年捕获成蚊平均密度3.15,其中2022年成蚊密度水平最低,为0.71只/(灯·h),2020年成蚊密度水平最高,为2.57只/(灯·h)。结论济源市优势蚊种为中华按蚊,牲畜棚是蚊虫侵害高发场所,济源市输入性蚊媒传染病主要病种为疟疾。

Objective To investigate the mosquito monitoring results and epidemiological characteristics of mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Jiyuan City from 2019 to 2022.Methods From 2019 to 2022,adult mosquitoes were captured during the peak activity period using mosquito lamps.Five monitoring points were selected to compare the characteristics of different species and habitats of mosquitoes and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mosquito-borne infectious diseases.Results From 2019 to 2022,a total of 151 adult mosquitoes were captured in Jiyuan City,of which 108 were Anopheles sinensis,accounting for 71.52%of the total capture,and were the dominant mosquito species.From 2019 to 2022,Aedes albopictus was the main species in residential areas,hospitals,parks,farmers,and livestock sheds in Jiyuan City,with composition ratios of 62.50%,66.67%,68.18%,72.00%,and 75.71%,respectively.The difference in the composition ratio of mosquito species in different habitats was statistically significant(χ^(2)=355.999,P<0.05).The average density of captured adult mosquitoes from 2019 to 2022 was 3.15,with the lowest mosquito density level in 2022,at 0.71 per(lamp·h),and the highest mosquito density level in 2020,at 2.57 per(lamp·h).Conclusion The dominant mosquito species in Jiyuan City is Aedes albopictus.Livestock sheds are high-incidence places for mosquito bites.The main disease of imported mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Jiyuan City is malaria.