社区建成环境与邻里健康——集体效能作为潜在影响介质的实证探索

Community Built Environment and Neighborhood Health:An Exploration of Potential Mechanisms Affecting Collective Efficacy

揭示社区建成环境对邻里健康的影响机制,正成为探索人居环境与人群健康之间科学规律的重要突破领域和难点。文章在“邻里效应”既有研究基础上,植入“集体效能”理论,建构空间特征和结构特征双重叙事的环境描述,探索社区建成环境与集体效能水平的作用机理,健全“社区建成环境—集体效能—个体健康行为—邻里健康水平”的影响机制理论。选取重庆市48个典型社区作为调查样本,量化土地利用、商业业态和交通容量3类参数关联的18个环境因子指标反映社区建成环境的空间特征,集中劣势、居所流动、移民集聚关联的17个环境因子指标反映社区建成环境的结构特征;运用里克特量表问卷调查704名本地居民,测算所在社区集体效能水平;运用多元回归模型,测算环境因子对集体效能水平的正负相关关系,揭示社区建成环境对集体效能的影响程度;以当前我国社区建设的政策工具为基础,提出“空间调控、空间培育、空间干预、空间绩效、空间引导”的邻里健康主动式规划干预方法。

To reveal the mechanism of the influence of community built environment on neighborhood health is becoming an important breakthrough field and difficulty in exploring the scientific law between human settlement environment and population health.On the basis of the existing research results of“neighborhood effect”,the theory of“collective efficacy”is implanted,the environment description of the dual narrative of spatial characteristics and structural characteristics is constructed,and the mechanism of action between community built environment and collective efficacy level is explored,in order to improve the influence mechanism theory.48 typical communities in Chongqing were selected as investigation samples,and 18 environmental factors were quantified to reflect the spatial characteristics of the built environment of the community,while 17environmental factors were quantified to reflect the structural characteristics of the built environment of the community,including land use,commercial mode and traffic capacity.Richter Scale was used to investigate 704 local residents and measure the community collective efficacy.Multiple regression model was used to measure the positive and negative correlation between environmental factors and collective efficacy,and to reveal the degree of influence of community built environment on collective efficacy.Based on the current policy tools of community construction in China,this paper puts forward active planning intervention methods of neighborhood health.