预制钢-混凝土组合楼梯抗弯性能与舒适度分析

Analysis of flexural performance and comfort on prefabricated steel-concrete composite stair

为推进组合材料在建筑结构中的应用,对预制钢-混凝土组合楼梯踏步的抗弯性能和楼梯整体的舒适度进行研究。进行6个楼梯踏步试件的四点弯曲试验,主要探究抗剪件形式和踏步与梯梁的连接方式对楼梯踏步承载性能的影响。试验结果表明,相对于角钢和栓钉抗剪件,槽钢抗剪件对楼梯踏步的承载力提升更为显著。此外,焊接试件的承载力受抗剪件的影响较小,并且高于简支试件的承载力,在今后的工程应用中,焊接可以作为钢-混凝土组合楼梯踏步与梯梁连接的主要方式。为了更准确地研究楼梯踏步的力学行为,使用ABAQUS有限元软件对其进行建模,该有限元模型能够准确模拟楼梯踏步的力学行为。在验证模型准确性的基础上,对整体楼梯进行舒适度分析。结果表明,在规范限值范围内,楼梯的自振频率和人致激励下的加速度响应均满足行走的舒适度要求,使用过程中不会引起明显不适,符合人体工程学的要求。试验和建模分析证明,槽钢抗剪件对楼梯踏步的承载力提升效果更好,焊接可以作为楼梯踏步与梯梁的连接方式,并且楼梯的舒适度满足规范要求。

In order to promote the application of composite materials in building structures,a study conducted on the flexural performance and overall comfort of prefabricated steel-concrete composite stair treads.Six stair tread specimens were tested using a four-point bending test,focusing on the influence of the shear reinforcement and the connection method between the tread and the stringer on the load-bearing performance of the stair treads.The test results showed that compared to angle steel and bolt shear reinforcement,channel steel shear reinforcement significantly improved the load-bearing capacity of the stair treads.Moreover,the load-bearing capacity of the welded specimens was less affected by the shear reinforcement and higher than that of the simply supported specimens.This indicates that welding can be considered as the primary connection method between the steel-concrete composite stair treads and stringers in future engineering applications.To accurately study the mechanical behavior of the stair treads,ABAQUS software was used to model the stair treads.The finite element model accurately simulated the mechanical behavior of the stair treads.Based on the validation of the model accuracy,a comfort analysis was conducted on the overall stairs.The natural frequency of the stairs and the acceleration response under human-induced excitation were within the specified limits,satisfying the comfort requirements for walking.The stairs will not cause any noticeable discomfort during use,meeting the requirements of ergonomics.The test and modeling analysis have proved that channel steel shear reinforcement provided a significant improvement in the load-bearing capacity of the stair treads Welding can be considered as the primary connection method between the stair treads and stringers,and the comfort analysis showed that the stairs met the specified requirements.