公猪和不同生理阶段母猪粪便真菌结构多样性分析

Analysis of fungal structural diversity in feces of boars and sows at different physiological phases

本试验旨在探究公猪、妊娠母猪和哺乳母猪粪便真菌菌群结构多样性,为种猪肠道真菌功能研究以及猪饲料配制提供参考。试验选用18头杜洛克公猪及其交配的18头长大母猪,分别收集公猪、母猪妊娠和哺乳阶段的新鲜粪便样品用于真菌ITS2测序。结果表明:(1)公猪、妊娠母猪和哺乳母猪粪便中共享12个核心真菌属,主要包括曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)、地霉菌属(Geotrichum)和毕赤酵母属(Pichia),占总序列的47.73%。(2)α多样性分析发现公猪的辛普森指数显著高于妊娠母猪(P <0.05),妊娠母猪的扩增序列变体(ASV)数量、香农指数和Chao1指数显著高于哺乳母猪(P <0.05)。主坐标分析显示公猪、妊娠母猪和哺乳母猪粪便真菌菌群呈现不同的聚类(P=0.001)。(3)公猪粪便内壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)丰度显著高于母猪(P <0.05),担子菌门(Basidiomycota)丰度显著低于母猪(P <0.05)。母猪妊娠期粪便子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度高于哺乳期(P> 0.05),而担子菌门的相对丰度低于哺乳期(P <0.05)。在属水平上,公猪粪便哈萨克斯坦酵母属(Kazachstania)、Tahromyces属和梨囊鞭菌属(Piromyces)显著高于母猪(P <0.05),而节担菌属(Wallemia)和念珠菌属(Candida)显著低于母猪(P <0.05)。对于不同生理阶段的母猪而言,妊娠母猪粪便内曲霉菌属和棒孢酵母属(Clavispora)的丰度显著高于哺乳母猪(P <0.05),毕赤酵母属、念珠菌属和青霉菌属(Penicillium)的丰度显著低于哺乳母猪(P <0.05)。综上所述,公猪和不同生理阶段母猪粪便真菌结构和多样性存在显著差异,这为公猪和母猪肠道真菌的功能研究以及种猪饲料研发奠定了理论基础。

The aim of the study was to investigate the structural diversity of the fungi in feces of breeding boars,pregnant sows and lactating sows,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the research of intestinal fungal function in breeding pigs and the preparation of pig feed.Fecal samples of 18 Duroc boars and 18 mature Landrace sows mated to boars during pregnant and lactating were collected for fungal ITS2sequencing.The results showed as follows:(1) Twelve core fungal genera were shared among breeding boars,pregnant sows and lactating sows,mainly including Aspergillus,Geotrichum and Pichia,which accounted for47.73% of the total sequences.(2) Analysis of α-diversity indicated that the Simpson index of boars was significantly higher than that of pregnant sows(P < 0.05),and the number of ASVs,Shannon index and Chao1index of pregnant sows were significantly higher than that of lactating sows(P < 0.05).The principal coordinate analysis showed different clusters of fecal fungal flora in breeding boars,pregnant sows and lactating sows(P =0.001).(3) The abundance of Chytridiomycota in the feces of boars was significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that of sows and the abundance of Basidiomycota was significantly lower(P < 0.05) than that of the sows.The relative abundance of Ascomycota was higher in the feces of sows during pregnancy than during lactation(P >0.05),whereas the relative abundance of Basidiomycota was lower during lactation(P < 0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of Kazachstania,Tahromyces and Piromyces was significantly higher in boars than that in sows(P < 0.05),while the abundance of Wallemia and Candida was significantly lower in boars as compared to sows(P < 0.05).For sows at different physiological stages,the abundance of Aspergillus and Clavispora in the feces of pregnant sows was significantly higher than that of lactating sows(P < 0.05),whereas the abundance of Pichia,Candida and Penicillium was significantly lower than that in lactating sows(P < 0.05).In conclusion,the structure and diversity of fecal fungi were significantly different in boars and sows at different physiological stages,which laid a theoretical basis for the functional study of intestinal fungi in boars and sows and the research and development of feed for breeding pigs.