《德意志意识形态》与《历史学笔记》中世界历史比较研究

A comparative study of world history in The Germanic Ideology and Notes on History

《德意志意识形态》和《历史学笔记》虽然都是在唯物史观的视域下研究世界历史,但是研究的范畴不同。《德意志意识形态》以“现实的人”为出发点,逻辑地转向世界历史的阐释,从哲学的高度阐发了马克思主义世界历史思想,初步阐释了人类社会形态理论。而《历史学笔记》则是马克思晚年对世界历史的“再思考”,他从人类历史演进的视角看待世界历史,通过对摘录史料的简短评述,探讨了从奴隶制到封建制再到资本主义萌芽阶段的历史演变过程,以直观的时间线索展现出人类社会如何从区域历史转向世界历史的过程,以史料充实了人类社会形态理论。因此,对《德意志意识形态》与《历史学笔记》中的世界历史进行比较,不但有助于激发马克思主义世界历史思想的理论活力,凸显中国特色社会主义的世界意义,还有助于破解人类社会发展的诸多难题,为世界发展提供中国方案。

Although both The German Ideology and Notes on History study world history from the perspective of historical materialism,their categories of study are different.The German Ideology takes“real man”as the starting point,logically turns to the interpretation of world history,interprets Marxist world history thought from the height of philosophy,and preliminarily explains theory of human social form.And Notes on History is Marx’s“re-thinking”of world history in his later years.He views world history from the perspective of the evolution process from slavery to the embryonic stage of capitalism through brief comments on excerpted historical materials.This approach shows the process of human society turning from regional history to world history with intuitive time clues and enriches the theory of human social from with historical materials.Therefore,the comparison of world history between The German Ideology and Notes on History not only helps stimulate the theoretical vitality of the Marxist idea of world history and highlights the global significance of socialism with Chinese characteristics,but also helps solve the problems of human social development and provide the Chinese Approach for the development of the world.