制造业数字化投入、产业类型差异与全球价值链分工地位提升——基于全球投入产出数据的实证检验

Manufacturing Digitalization Input,Different Types of Digital Industries and the Promotion of Global Value Chain Division Status:An Empirical Test Based on Global Input-Output Data

产业数字化转型是塑造竞争新优势、推动高质量发展的重要途径,但鲜有文献区分数字化投入类型和来源,分析其对全球价值链分工地位的影响及作用机制。基于2000-2019年全球42个经济体制造业面板数据,实证检验细分数字产业类型和投入来源的数字化对全球价值链分工地位的影响。结果显示,整体来看,数字软件应用对全球价值链分工地位呈显著正向影响且存在部分中介效应,数字化投入影响具有产业技术类型、时期以及国家异质性。

The Chinese manufacturing industry has long been locked in the middle and low ends of the global value chain,which is not conducive to the transformation and upgrading of economic structure and the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.Industrial digitalization transformation is an important way to shape new competitive advantages and promote high-quality development.A large number of literature has discussed the impact of digitalization,and it has been widely accepted that digitalization can improve the efficiency of product research and development,promote resource allocation,reduce production costs,enhance operation and management efficiency,improve service quality,and so on.Meanwhile,some researchers have concentrated on the influence of digitalization on the promotion of global value chain division status.However,few studies have analyzed the impact of the types of digitalization input and input sources on the global value chain division status and related mechanisms.This paper focuses on the different roles of digital hardware manufacturing and digital software services in impacting global value chain division status.After reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad,this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the impact mechanism of digitalization on the division of labor status in the global value chain with different input types and sources,as well as the mechanism by which digitalization indirectly promotes the division of labor status in the global value chain by improving production efficiency and enhancing industrial servitization improvement.Then,the corresponding hypotheses are proposed on the basis of theoretical analysis.Drawing on the manufacturing panel data of 42 global economies from 2000 to 2019,this paper empirically examines the impact and mechanism of the digitalization of subdivided digital industry types and input sources on the global value chain division status.Overall,digital software has a significant positive effect.In addition,the positive promotion effect of domestic digital input on global value chain division status is mainly reflected in digital software.The improvement of domestic digital software input level has partial mediating effect on the improvement of global value chain division status,which can indirectly promote the improvement of global value chain division status by promoting the improvement of production efficiency and industrial service level.This paper further analyzes the heterogeneity of digitalization affecting global value chain division status.The results show that the influence of different types of digitalization input has heterogeneity in the types of manufacturing technology,period,and country.The research conclusions of this paper provide empirical support for the government to effectively formulate industrial digital development policies and achieve high-quality development in the manufacturing industry.The policy suggestions are based on three aspects.First,it is essential to give full play to the positive effect of domestic digital software and explore the factors that restrict the effect of digital hardware input.Secondly,the government should formulate targeted policies to promote the development of various types of manufacturing industries,increase support for the digital supply and digital transformation of low-tech manufacturing industries,find out the factors that restrict the positive effect of digital transformation in medium-low and medium-high technology manufacturing industries,exert their advantages in technology and human capital,and enhance the ability to explore the application of digital technology and the value of data resources.In this way,there is the possibility of gradually increasing the positive effects of industrial digital transformation.Third,efforts should be made to break the lock on the low end of the value chain in the era of digital economy.Therefore,it is pivotal to actively cultivate the comparative advantages of data elements,increase the training of domestic digital industry technical talents and manufacturing-related compound talents,improve the value mining ability of data resources,and enhance the effect of industrial digital transformation.