创新生态系统视角下企业数字化转型研究述评与展望

A Review and Prospects of Enterprises Digital Transformation from the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem

近年来,企业数字化转型成为学界研究热点,主要聚焦企业主体视角下数字化转型过程与结果。然而,数字化转型是一项复杂系统工程,现有研究对创新系统复杂性与主体交互性的考虑不足,未基于系统观构建理论框架。利用CiteSpace对国内外企业数字化转型相关研究进行文献计量分析,基于创新生态系统视角从微观企业层面(技术进步、组织变革、绩效影响)、中观产业层面(同群效应、平台赋能、产业升级)、宏观国家层面(政策支持、文化营造、社会风险)对相关研究进行梳理与评述,构建创新生态系统视角下企业数字化转型研究框架。结果表明:企业数字化转型研究主题呈现从微观企业层面向中观产业层面与宏观国家层面拓展的趋势。同时,上述3个层面的研究主题相互关联,构成立体式数字化转型研究体系。最后,从创新系统层面对未来研究方向进行展望,并提出中国情境下企业数字化转型议题,展示企业数字化转型研究脉络,深化企业数字化转型理论认知,推动该领域研究深入发展。

With the widespread application of digital technologies such as big data,cloud computing,and blockchain,the digital economy has emerged as a new driving force for societal and economic development.As a consequence,the digital transformation of enterprises has become a focal point of academic research.There have been evaluations of the literature on the digital transformation of enterprises conducted by different domestic scholars.Most current research reviews adopt an enterprise-centric perspective on organizing their discussions around the phases,procedures,and results of digital transformation.However,they ignore the multi-level and complex interactions within the innovation system.Several scholars have advocated for an exploration of topics related to digital innovation and digital transformation in China from various dimensions of the innovation ecosystem.In order to gain a thorough understanding of the research hotspots and development trends in the digital transformation of enterprises,this paper uses the SSCI/SCI database from Web of Science as the source for English literature and the CSSCI database from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)as the source for Chinese literature.The investigation of high-impact literature is combined with a network analysis of keyword co-occurrence.The focus of digital transformation research has gradually moved from the micro-level of individual companies to the meso-level of industries and the macro-level of national contexts.This study systematically reviews the forefront and hotspots of the digital transformation of enterprise research at three distinct levels within the innovation ecosystem:the micro-level of individual enterprises(technological advancement,organizational change,performance impact),the meso-level of industries(peer effects,platform empowerment,industry upgrading),and the macro-level of national contexts(policy support,cultural building,social risks).Furthermore,it constructs a comprehensive research framework for the digital transformation of enterprises from the perspective of the innovation ecosystem.At the micro-level of enterprises,the rapid development of digital technology necessitates organizations to adopt digital transformation strategy,which must be integrated with the overall enterprise strategy.Businesses are moving away from traditional organizational structures and toward networked,flattened frameworks in order to adapt to the digital strategy.Meanwhile,it's critical to enhance managerial and staff members'digital proficiency as well as improve company policies and operational protocols,for enterprise innovation performance will be impacted in a number of ways through these organizational changes.At the meso-level of industries,competitive pressures among peers prompt some enterprises to take the lead in digital transformation for value creation,resulting in a peer imitation effect within the industry.Firms along the industry value chain can simultaneously restructure their business models through digital platforms and collaborate with other companies on the platform to create value through resource complementarity.The peer imitation effect among competing enterprises and value co-creation within digital platform companies can lead to enhancements in industry efficiency and the convergence of industry development.At the macro-level of national contexts,it is essential to develop various digital support policies,such as supply-side,demand-side,and environmental policies.Additionally,by fostering a supportive digital culture,raising public awareness of digital culture,and encouraging digital thinking,these policies will accelerate the fusion of China's cultural advantages with its scientific framework.Moreover,there is an urgent need to address social issues and risks such as the digital gap,data security,and labor displacement to ensure the smooth implementation of the national digital strategy.This study enriches and expands the research perspectives on enterprise digital transformation,helping researchers in the field gain a more thorough and organized understanding of the research progress in this area.The conclusions advance the existing knowledge of the digital transformation of enterprises as a complex system engineering project,which encourages further advancement in related research.At the micro-level of individual enterprises,the meso-level of industries,and the macro-level of national contexts,the study proposes future research objectives.It is intended to serve as a resource and guideline for the effective implementation of China's digital transformation strategy.