论晚唐文人的普遍流寓现象

On the phenomenon of why the literati often suffered the fate of exile in the Late Tang Dynasty

晚唐时代是文人普遍流寓的时代,出现了普遍流寓现象。当时文人主要流寓方式以贬谪、入幕、避乱与在京师蹭蹬科举为主。而因为僖宗、昭宗或曾出奔蜀中或曾为军阀劫迁,故出现了从龙流寓与扈从不及而被迫流寓这两种特殊的流寓方式。这一时期文人流寓的主要地域集中在江南、闽粤和巴蜀等南方地区,亦有少数流寓北方者。随着陇西的重新归附,这一时期出现了以张球为代表的流寓陇西乃至西域的文人。长期处于流寓这一生存状态中,文人们较为普遍地形成浓重的流寓意识,并深度融入其流寓创作中。

The late Tang Dynasty was an era of general exile of literati,which appeared as "universal exile phenomenon".The main ways of exile of literati were delegation,entering the curtain,escaping from chaos and taking the imperial examinations in the capital.Because Emperors Xizong and Zhaozong had gone to Shuzhong or had been seized and moved by warlords,two special ways of exile appeared:exile with the emperors and forced exile due to missing following the emperors.The main areas of exile of literati in this period were concentrated in the southern regions such as Jiangnan,Fujian,Guangdong,Sichuan and Ba-Shu,and there were also a few exiled in the north.With the re-accession of Longxi,there appeared literati in Longxi and even the Western Regions represented by Zhangqiu in this period.At the same time,in the long-term exile,literati generally formed a strong sense of exile and deeply integrated into their exile creation.