超越看门人:社交媒体平台网络暴力治理比较研究

“Beyond Gatekeepers”:A Comparative Analysis on Cyber Violence Governanceon China’s Social Media Platforms

面对愈演愈烈的网络暴力,我国社交媒体平台采取了一系列治理措施。本文以国内15个主要社交媒体平台作为研究对象,对其涉及网络暴力的209份文件做内容分析,并对实际效果进行审计。研究发现,绝大多数平台未能清晰界定网络暴力;尽管所有平台都在事前、事中和事后三个环节采取了举措,但实际治理尺度各不相同,治理效力仍有较大提升空间,具体表现为:对违规内容的甄别和警示力度不足,一键防护设置路径复杂,处理举报的精度和速度需提升,以及关怀救助环节较薄弱。最后,提出平台完善治理举措的具体方式,并指出,治理网络暴力需要超越平台,建立多元主体参与的责任共同体和治理共同体。

This article examines the regulatory policies of 15 major social media platforms through a content analysis of 209 platform documents on cyber violence and a review of their actual effectiveness.The paper finds that most of the platforms do not clearly define cyberviolence,but rather take it for granted.All platforms have policies in place before,during and after an incident.However,the actual scope of governance varies,and the effectiveness of governance is limited due to the following problems:screening and warning of illegal content is insufficient,one-click protection setting is too complicated,accuracy and speed of response to user reports need to be improved,and care and rescue measures are insufficient.Finally,we propose several specific ways to improve platform governance and establish a community of shared responsibility and governance with multiple stakeholders to address the problem of cyber violence.