考虑电动汽车储能特性的充电聚合管控策略研究

Research on charging aggregation management strategies considering energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles

新型电力系统由“源网荷储”4大要素组成。电动汽车的分布式“储能”特性可与新能源发电互补,缓解新能源出力间歇性和波动性对电网的影响,有效降低电网储能容量配置。然而电动汽车的无序充电行为会加剧新能源出力与负荷差值,因此需要对电动汽车充电进行聚合管控。首先,利用蒙特卡洛法模拟了不同类型电动汽车的无序充电行为,分析了无序充电对源荷平衡的影响。其次,利用改进的k-means++聚类算法,将无序充电结果以及源荷差值划分为“尖峰平谷”4个聚类时段。最后,提出了在重叠聚类时段内进行充电聚合管控的优化策略,结合浙江宁波“灵峰零碳演进园区”工程进行验证,结果表明,在尽可能少损害电动汽车车主充电满意度的前提下,该策略可有效降低新能源出力与负荷的不平衡度,结合固定储能配置,可实现新型电力系统下的源荷平衡。

The new power system consists of four major elements such as source,network,load and storage.The distributed“energy stor-age”characteristics of electric vehicles can complement new energy generation,alleviate the impact of intermittent and fluctuation of new energy output on the power grid,and effectively reduce the capacity of storage allocation in the power grid.However,the disorderly charg-ing behavior of EVs can aggravate the difference between new energy output and load,so it is necessary to control the charging of EVs in an aggregated manner.Firstly,the disordered charging behavior of different types of electric vehicles is simulated using the Monte Carlo method,and the impact of disordered charging on the balance between source and load is analyzed.Secondly,the improved k-means++clustering algorithm is used to divide the result of disorderly charging and the difference of new energy into four clustering periods,name-ly,“sharp,peak,flat and valley”.Finally,an optimization strategy for charging aggregation control during overlapping clustering periods is proposed,which is verified in combination with the“Lingfeng Zero-Carbon Evolution Park”project in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,and the results show that,under the premise of impairing the charging satisfaction of EV owners as less as possible,this strategy can effectively re-duce the imbalance between new energy output and load,and combined with fixed-energy storage configurations,it can achieve a new type of electric power and load imbalance.Combined with the fixed energy storage configuration,it enables source-load balancing in new power systems.