三种药用植物及其复合物对湘云鲫(3号)饲用效果的评定

Feeding effect assessment of three medicinal plants and their compounds for triploid crucian carp (No.3)

为明确药用植物的饲用价值,将湘云鲫(3号)幼鱼随机分成5组,分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)和分别添加了4%马齿苋、4%车前草、4%鱼腥草、4%复合物(马齿苋∶车前草∶鱼腥草=1∶1∶3,重量比)的饲料,养殖85 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,马齿苋和车前草均显著提高鱼体相对增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05),并显著降低饵料系数(P<0.05),鱼腥草则略降低特定生长率并稍增加饵料系数,但差异不显著(P>0.05);马齿苋显著提高鱼体粗蛋白质含量和显著降低粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),车前草则显著降低粗蛋白质含量和显著增加粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);马齿苋、鱼腥草和复合物既显著降低肝脏丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、总胆固醇(TC)、总三酰甘油(TG)含量(P<0.05),又显著增强肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),并改善肝组织结构;马齿苋明显改善中肠绒毛结构,鱼腥草则使中肠绒毛结构变差。综上所述,4%添加水平下,饲用价值最高的为马齿苋,其次是车前草和复合物,最次的为鱼腥草。

To clarify the feeding values of medicinal plants,juvenile triploid crucian carps(No.3)were randomly divided into five groups and fed with basic feed(control group)and feeds supplemented with 4%Portulaca oleracea L.,4%Plantago asiatica L.,4%Houttuynia cordata Thunb.and 4%coumpounds(Portulaca oleracea L.∶Plantago asiatica L.∶Houttuynia cordata Thunb.=1∶1∶3)for 85 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,Portulaca oleracea L.and Plantago asiatica L.significantly increased the relative weight gain rate and specific growth rate of fish(P<0.05),and significantly reduced the feed coefficient(P<0.05).Houttuynia cordata Thunb.slightly reduced the specific growth rate and slightly increased the feed coefficient,but the difference was not significant(P<0.05).Portulaca oleracea L.significantly increased the content of crude protein and significantly decreased the content of crude fat(P<0.05),while Plantago asiatica L.significantly decreased the content of crude protein and significantly increased the content of crude fat(P<0.05).Portulaca oleracea L.,Houttuynia cordata Thunb.and compounds could significantly reduce the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),total cholesterol(TC)and total triglyceride(TG)in liver(P<0.05),significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in liver(P<0.05),and improve the structure of liver tissue.Portulaca oleracea L.significantly improved the midgut villus structure,while Houttuynia cordata Thunb.made the midgut villus structure worse.In summary,under the 4%addition level,the feeding value of Portulaca oleracea L.was the highest,followed by Plantago asiatica L.and compounds,and then Houttuynia cordata Thunb.