害虫种群的发展与调控

The Development and Regulation of Insect Pest Populations

作为自然界中种类和数量最多的动物类群,昆虫与人类生活息息相关。害虫给人类生产生活造成了严重危害,尽管人类长期与其进行斗争,但很难获胜。这主要是因为害虫种群在时空尺度上均易拓展,而人为干扰只是在局部起到一定的害虫种群数量调控作用。事实上除喷施化学药剂、布设诱集装置和采取营林及捕杀等人为干扰措施外,气候、寄主植物和天敌等其他生物也是害虫种群调控中的重要因子。基于害虫种群发生发展现状,在阐明害虫种群自然发展规律的基础上,重点从气候条件、寄主植物和天敌等方面介绍自然条件下害虫种群的抑制因子。通过综述目前常见的几种害虫种群调控途径,认为害虫种群调控需要考虑全部种群分布的区域、作用因子的短期致死率、持续作用时间等,并以最终累积的种群年总死亡率或世代总死亡率为重要指标。综合考虑多种生物和非生物因子,充分利用天敌等自然调控因子的作用,削减各因子之间的不利影响,是更好调控害虫种群的必要途径。

As the largest and most diverse group of animals globally,insects are intricately connected to human life.Insect pests pose significant threats to both human production and daily life,and despite sustained efforts to combat them,achieving complete victory remains challenging.This is mainly because insect pest populations are easily expandable over spatial and temporal scales,and human interventions only play a limited role in controlling insect pest populations locally.Beyond human interventions,such as chemical pesticide spraying,trapping devices,afforestation,and killing,various factors,including climate,host plants,and natural enemies,play crucial roles in regulating insect pest populations.Based on the current occurrence and developmental status of insect pests,several factors such as climate,host plants,and natural enemies inhibiting insect pest populations were introduced in the review after elucidating the natural laws governing the development of pest populations.The discussion encompasses common methods for pest population control,emphasizing the importance of considering the regional distribution of the entire population,short-term mortality rates,and the duration of effectiveness.The ultimate annual cumulative mortality rate or generational total mortality rate is highlighted as a vital indicator.To achieve better control of insect pests,it is crucial to consider various biotic and abiotic factors,fully utilize the role of natural factors such as natural enemies,and actively mitigate adverse impacts among these factors.