闽台海岸带生境质量时空演变及其影响因素

Temporal and spatial evolution of habitat quality in Fujian and Taiwan coastal zones based on land use change and its influencing factors

快速城镇化、工业化背景下对海岸带生境质量进行评估,揭示影响生境变化的关键驱动因子,对于海岸带生态可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以福建东海岸和台湾西海岸(以下合称闽台海岸带)为研究对象,借助1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年的土地利用以及社会经济数据,运用InVEST模型及地理探测器分析土地利用变化下生境质量的时空演变特征及其影响因素,为城市生态空间优化提供可靠的理论依据。结果表明:(1)1990-2020年两岸土地利用变化以建设用地的增长及耕地的减少为主要特征。建设用地2000-2010年面积增长最多,年均增长5.66%。耕地作为建设用地面积最大转入来源,面积共减少1781 km^(2),年均减少2.55%。土地变化福建东海岸大于台湾西海岸。(2)1990-2020年闽台海岸带生境质量均值为0.82,总体生态质量良好,但呈下降趋势。2000-2010年两岸低等级生境面积增长最快,2010年后增长速度趋缓。生态用地向非生态用地的转移对生境退化的贡献率超过70%。(3)夜间灯光指数、人口密度、GDP、高程、坡度为影响生境质量变化的主要因素,30年间主导因素由地形因素变为社会经济因素。研究为闽台沿海地区陆海土地资源管理提供科学依据,对区域协同发展具有重要意义。

Under the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization,it is of great significance to assess the quality of coastal zone habitat and reveal the key driving factors affecting habitat change for sustainable development of coastal zone ecology.This study took the east coast of Fujian and the West coast of Taiwan(hereinafter referred to as the Fujian and Taiwan coastal zones)as the research objects.With the help of the land use and socio-economic data in 1990,2000,2010 and 2020,the InVEST model and geographic detector were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of habitat quality under land use change.It provides a reliable theoretical basis for urban ecological space optimization.The results show that:(1)The main characteristics of land use change between 1990 and 2020 are the increase of construction land and the decrease of cultivated land.The area of construction land increased the most from 2000 to 2010,with an average annual growth of 5.66%.Arable land,as the largest source of construction land,decreased by 1781 km^(2),an average annual decrease of 2.55%.The east coast of Fujian is larger than the west coast of Taiwan.(2)From 1990 to 2020,the average habitat quality of the coastal zone in Fujian and Taiwan was 0.82,and the overall ecological quality was good,but showed a downward trend.From 2000 to 2010,the area of low-grade habitat on both sides of the strait increased the fastest,and the growth rate slowed down after 2010.The transfer of ecological land to non-ecological land contributed more than 70%to habitat degradation.(3)Night light index,population density,GDP,elevation and slope were the main factors affecting habitat quality,and the dominant factors changed from topographic factors to socio-economic factors in the past 30 years.The research provides scientific basis for land and sea land resource management in coastal areas of Fujian and Taiwan,and is of great significance for regional collaborative development.