清末民初呼海铁路筹议筹建考论

On the Planning and Construction of Huhai Railway in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

在近代东北亚区域复杂的国际关系背景下,呼海铁路的筹议筹建不仅是黑龙江地方官民寻求地区自身发展的关键通道,也被俄日美等列强视为攫取殖民权益的重要工具,还是东北当局维护民族权益,打破外敌控制的战略布局,呈现出设想论证、多方博弈、自筹自办三重历史向度。铁路筹议筹建的全过程无不体现着不同参与主体的动机选择与利益考量,而最终以自筹自办的方式建成通车,则是东北当局与黑龙江地方官民基于共同利益诉求与应对边疆危机的紧迫需要而促成的结果。

In the context of complex international relations in modern Northeast Asia,the planning and construction of the Huhai railway is thought of as a key channel to seek regional development for local offi cials and people in Heilongjiang,an important tool to seize colonial rights and interests for powers such as Russia,Japan and the United States,as well as a strategic layout to safeguard national rights and interests and break the control of foreign enemies for the Northeast authorities,showing a historical aspect involving imagination and demonstration,multi-party game,self-fi nancing and self-management.The whole process of planning and preparation for the railway all refl ects the motivation choice and interest consideration of diff erent participants,and its fi nal completion and opening results from the common interest demands and the urgent need to cope with the border crisis regarding the Northeast authorities and local offi cials and people in Heilongjiang province.