1793年俄国瓜分波兰的经济动因--以俄波黑海贸易摩擦为例

The Economic Motivation for the Russian Partition of Poland in 1793--A Case Study of Russian-Polish Black Sea Trade Friction

18世纪末,俄国凭借俄土和约获得的黑海北部区位优势,建立起新的黑海国际贸易通道。为满足黑海北岸俄国地主的贸易需求,俄国采取措施推动黑海港口贸易的发展,企图将波兰的商业资源集中到俄国控制的黑海地区。与此同时,由于北方商路的阻塞,以及应波属乌克兰地主的要求,波兰对外贸易通道转向黑海。为摆脱俄国对波兰商业活动的垄断,波兰不断在黑海寻求新的贸易渠道。俄波之间商品的同质性以及双方争夺欧洲市场引起的黑海贸易摩擦,促使俄国占领波属乌克兰地带,以实现对黑海北部贸易通道及原料市场的独占。

At the end of the 18th century,Russia,using the location advantage in the region of Northern Black Sea gained from the RussoTurkish Peace Treaty,established new international trade routes on the Black Sea.To meet Russian landowners’trade demands on the northern shore,measures were taken to stimulate trade development in Black Sea ports,aiming to centralize Polish commercial resources in the region under Russian control.Simultaneously,facing the blockade of northern trade routes and urged by Polish-Ukrainian landowners,Poland redirected its foreign trade routes to the Black Sea.Seeking to break free from Russian monopoly in Polish commercial activities,Poland actively explored alternative trade channels in the Black Sea.The homogeneity of Russian-Polish goods and heightened competition for the European market resulted in friction in Black Sea trade.Consequently,Russia moved to occupy the Polish-Ukrainian zone,seeking exclusive control over the northern Black Sea trade routes and the raw materials market.