北苑贡茶茶树种质遗传多样性及其与青心乌龙茶树的亲缘关系

Genetic diversity of Beiyuan tribute tea germplasms and their genetic relationship with Qingxinwulong

为更好地发掘、保护和利用北苑贡茶茶树种质资源,采用EST-SNP分子标记技术对北苑贡茶种质遗传多样性及其与青心乌龙的亲缘关系进行分析。筛选出49个多态性强的SNP位点,适用于鉴定北苑贡茶茶树种质基因分型以及分析其与青心乌龙的亲缘关系,并进行PCoA主成分分析、层级进化树构建和遗传距离分析。结果表明,北苑贡茶茶树种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,其6个茶树种质群体间的遗传距离为0.021~0.137;北苑贡茶核心产地福建省建瓯市东峰镇的百年乌龙茶园为有性茶树-无性茶树混合种植的古茶园;青心乌龙茶树(中国台湾)、矮脚乌龙茶树(武夷山)与北苑贡茶的百年乌龙茶树种质亲缘关系密切。根据亲缘关系分析推测,青心乌龙茶树(中国台湾)、软枝乌龙茶树(中国台湾)和矮脚乌龙茶树(武夷山)可能均源自建瓯北苑贡茶产区。

To enhance the excavation,protection and utilization of excellent Beiyuan tribute tea germplasm resources,the genetic diversity of Beiyuan tribute tea germplasms and their genetic relationship with Qingxinwulong were analyzed using the EST-SNP molecular marker technique.Forty-nine SNP loci with strong polymorphism were screened out,which were suitable for identifying the genotyping of Beiyuan tribute tea germplasm and analyzing its genetic relationship with Qingxinwulong,and the PCoA principal component analysis,hierarchical phylogenetic tree construction and genetic distance analysis were carried out.The results showed that the germplasm resources of Beiyuan tribute tea had abundant genetic diversity,and the genetic distance among the six tea groups ranged from 0.021 to 0.137.The century-old oolong tea garden in Dongfeng Town,the core producing area of Beiyuan tribute tea,was an ancient tea garden with mixed planting of sexual and asexual.Qingxinwulong(Taiwan)and Aijiaowulong(Wuyishan)were closely related to the centennial oolong germplasm of Beiyuan tribute tea.According to the analysis of genetic relationship,it was speculated that Qingxinwulong(Taiwan),Ruanzhiwulong(Taiwan)and Aijiaowulong(Wuyishan)might be derived from Jian’ou Beiyuan tribute tea producing area.