大清河流域下游沉积物重金属污染优控源解析

Analysis of priority control sources of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the lower of Daqing River Basin

为探讨重金属不同污染源对生态和人体健康风险影响,本文以大清河流域下游为研究对象,采集并测定36个沉积物样品重金属Cu、Pb、Ni和Cr的含量,采用传统分析法量化重金属污染程度,利用正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)对沉积物重金属污染来源进行分析.同时,在PMF源解析的基础上,结合重金属毒性和环境背景值等因素,运用PMF与潜在生态风险指数模型(ERI)、人体健康风险评估模型(HHRA)相结合的方法定量解析污染源对生态环境风险和人体健康风险的贡献率.单因子污染指数结果表明,以河北省土壤重金属本底值为标准值,研究区4种重金属Pb、Ni、Cu和Cr均为轻微污染.PMF解析表明,重金属污染源有工业源(43.26%)>农业-交通源(34.97%)>交通-自然源(21.77%).污染源生态风险评估模型显示,交通-自然源(39.21%)>农业-交通源(34.07%)>工业源(26.72%),交通-自然源为潜在生态风险优控源;污染源健康风险评估模型显示,工业源(43.98%)>农业-交通源(26.90%)>交通-自然源(29.12%),工业源为人体健康风险优控源,且Cr为人体健康风险优控污染物.

In order to explore the impacts of different pollution sources of heavy metals on ecology and human health risk,this paper took the lower of Daqing River Basin as the research object,collected and measured the contents of heavy metals Cu,Pb,Ni and Cr in 36sediment samples,quantified the degree of heavy metal pollution by using the traditional analytical method,analyzed the sources of heavy metal pollution in the sediment by utilizing the Positive Definite Matrix Factor Analysis(PMF).Meanwhile,on the basis of PMF source analysis,combined with heavy metal toxicity and environmental background values,the contribution of pollution sources to ecological and human health risks was quantitatively analyzed by using PMF combined with the potential ecological risk index model(ERI)and human health risk assessment model(HHRA).The results of the single-factor pollution index showed that the four heavy metals Pb,Ni,Cu and Cr were slightly polluted in the study area,using the background value of soil heavy metals in Hebei Province as the standard value.The PMF analysis showed that the sources of heavy metal pollution were industrial sources(43.26%)>agricultural-transportation sources(34.97%)>transportation-natural sources(21.77%).The PMF-ERI showed that traffic-natural sources(39.21%)>Agriculture-transportation sources(34.07%)>Industrial sources(26.72%),and traffic-natural sources were the best control sources of potential ecological risks.The PMF-HHRA showed that industrial sources(43.98%)>Agriculture-transportation source(26.90%)>Traffic-natural sources(29.12%)and industrial sources were the best-controlled sources of human health risks,and Cr was the best control pollutant for human health risks.