冬季添加精料补充料对牦牛胰腺发育、血液生化指标和瘤胃细菌多样性的影响

The effects of adding refined feed supplements in winter on pancreatic development,blood biochemical indicators,and rumen bacterial diversity in yaks

文章旨在研究冬季添加精料补充料对牦牛胰腺发育、血液生化指标和瘤胃细菌多样性的影响。试验将48头体况良好的公牦牛犊牛(120日龄)随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头。对照组放牧饲养,试验I、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在放牧基础上每日分别补饲0.125、0.25、0.5 kg精料补充料。预试期20 d,正式试验期100 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验组体重、胰腺重量及胰腺内外分泌部面积占比显著提高(P<0.05),而胰腺内外分泌部面积比显著降低(P<0.05),且以试验Ⅲ组最为明显。(2)与对照组相比,补饲Ⅱ、Ⅲ组牦牛血清中血糖和白蛋白含量显著增加(P<0.05),其他指标并无明显变化。(3)添加精料补充料可显著提高牦牛瘤胃中拟杆菌门和放线菌门丰度(P<0.05),对疣微菌门和螺旋体门丰度的提升极为显著(P<0.01),极显著降低了黏胶球形菌门和纤维杆菌门丰度(P<0.01)。由此可见,冬季添加精料补充料能提高牦牛生长性能,促进胰腺发育水平,提升优势菌群的相对丰度,降低有害菌群的丰度,为牦牛养殖提供科学、合理的依据。

The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of adding refined feed supplements in winter on pancreatic development,blood biochemical indicators,and rumen bacterial diversity in yaks.48 male yak calves(120 days old)with good physical condition were randomly selected for the experiment and divided into 4 groups(experimental groupⅠ,experimental groupⅡ,experimental groupⅢ,and control group),each group had 12 calves.The control group was grazed and raised,while the experimental groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢwere supplemented with 0.125,0.25,and 0.5 kg of concentrate supplements daily on the basis of grazing.The pre trial period is 20 days,and the formal trial period is 100 days.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,the experimental group had significantly higher pancreatic weight and the proportion of pancreatic internal and external secretion area(P<0.05),while the proportion of pancreatic internal and external secretion area was significantly lowe(r P<0.05).And experimental groupⅢwas the most obvious.(2)Compared with the control group,the blood glucose and albumin content in the serum of yaks fed with supplementationⅡandⅢincreased significantly(P<0.05),while other indicators showed no significant changes.(3)Adding refined feed supplements can significantly increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in the rumen of yaks(P<0.05),and significantly increase the abundance of Verrucomycota and Spirochetes(P<0.01),but significantly reduce the abundance of Myxococcus and Fibrobacteria(P<0.01).From this,it can be seen that adding refined feed supplements in winter can improve the growth performance of yaks,promote pancreatic development level,increase the relative abundance of dominant microbial communities,reduce the abundance of harmful microbial communities,and provide scientific and reasonable basis for yak breeding.