儿童社区获得性肺炎痰培养细菌分布及耐药性分析

Analysis of Bacterial Distribution and Drug Resistance in Sputum Culture of Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

【目的】分析本院儿童社区获得性肺炎细菌分布情况及耐药性。【方法】回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年12月本院儿科收治的社区获得性肺炎的住院患儿相关资料,分析患儿细菌感染情况。【结果】7839例儿童社区获得性肺炎患儿痰标本中,细菌阳性且标本合格共1753例,总阳性检出率为22.36%,主要细菌为肺炎链球菌(10.14%)、流感嗜血杆菌(7.54%)、卡他莫拉菌(4.38%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(2.70%)。不同年份、季节、年龄患儿的痰培养阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同季节肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同年龄患儿肺炎链球菌、卡他莫拉菌、金黄色葡萄球菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肺炎链球菌对克林霉素、红霉素、四环素耐药率高。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药率高。流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌的产β内酰胺酶阳性率分别为78.85%、94.15%。【结论】儿童社区获得性肺炎主要检出细菌为肺炎链球菌,各细菌在不同年份、季节和年龄检出率有差异。

【Objective】To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in children with community-acquired pneumonia in our hospital.【Methods】A retrospective analysis was conducted on the relevant data of hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to the pediatric department of our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021,and the bacterial infection status of the children was analyzed.【Results】Out of 7839 sputum samples from children with community-acquired pneumonia,a total of 1753 cases were bacterial positive and qualified,with a total positive detection rate of 22.36%.The main bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae(10.14%),Haemophilus influenzae(7.54%),Moraxella catarrhalis(4.38%),and Staphylococcus aureus(2.70%).The positive rates of sputum culture in children with different years,seasons,and ages were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The detection rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,and Moraxella catarrhalis in different seasons were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The detection rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae,Moraxella catarrhalis,and Staphylococcus aureus in children of different ages were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).Streptococcus pneumoniae has a high resistance rate to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline.Staphylococcus aureus had a high resistance rate to penicillin and erythromycin.The positive rates ofβ-lactamases produced by Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were 78.85%and 94.15%,respectively.【Conclusion】The main bacteria detected in children with community-acquired pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae,and the detection rates of each bacterium vary in different years,seasons,and ages.