中国特色现代学徒制的现实困境与突破路向--基于跨界与协同的视角

The Realistic Dilemma of Modern Apprenticeship System with Chinese Characteristics and the Way to Breakthrough--Based on the Perspective of Cross-border and Synergy

现代学徒制既是一种职业教育制度体系,又是一种人才培养模式。现代学徒制在中国语境的实施过程中,不断积累经验,逐渐形成“中国特色”雏形,呈现出国家主导、政策支持,双元架构、权责明晰,多方参与、校企一体的鲜明特征。同时,中国特色现代学徒制在体系构建和彰显“中国特色”上面临内生动力不足、校企融合不深,质量体系不健全、培育质量难确保,目标定位狭窄、全面发展不足三个主要困境,需要在借鉴发达国家经验和加强本土实践过程中,从完善多方支持的双元育人机制,深化打造产教融合平台;以质量体系建设为保障,提高学徒培育质量;加强育人本质回归,促进职业技能与职业素养双提高三个方面重点突破。

Modern apprenticeship is both a vocational education system and a talent cultivation model.During the implementation of modern apprenticeship system in Chinese context,it has accumulated experience and gradually formed the prototype of“Chinese characteristics”,presenting the distinctive features of state-led,policy-supported,dual structure,clear rights and responsibilities,multi-party participation,and integration of colleges and enterprises.Meanwhile,modern apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics faces three major difficulties in system construction and manifestation of“Chinese characteristics”:insufficient endogenous impetus and in-depth integration between colleges and enterprises;inadequate quality system and difficulty in ensuring the quality of cultivation;and narrow target orientation and insufficient comprehensive development.It is necessary to learn from the experience of developed countries and strengthen local practice,from perfecting the dual education mechanism supported by many parties,and deepening the creation of a platform for the integration of industry and education;taking the construction of a quality system as a guarantee to improve the quality of apprenticeship cultivation;and strengthening the return of the essence of education to promote the dual improvement of vocational skills and vocational qualities.