肿瘤新抗原疫苗的研究现状与挑战

The progress and challenges of neoantigen-based cancer vaccines

个性化新抗原疫苗作为癌症免疫治疗的前沿技术,近年来备受关注。新抗原是由肿瘤细胞特异性突变产生的独特抗原,能够被免疫系统识别并激发特异性的抗肿瘤免疫反应。本文综述了肿瘤新抗原疫苗的研究现状,包括新抗原的产生机制和筛选方法、疫苗设计与制作、临床前及临床研究进展,以及当前面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势。我们探讨了新抗原疫苗在个性化治疗中的潜力,以及其在提升癌症患者生存率和生活质量方面的重要作用。同时,本文还总结了目前研究中的关键问题,并提出了可能的解决方案,为未来的研究提供参考。

Personalized neoantigen vaccines,a cutting-edge technology in cancer immunotherapy,have garnered significant attention in recent years.Neoantigens are unique antigens produced by tumor-specific mutations,capable of being recognized by the immune system and eliciting a specific anti-tumor immune response.This review summarizes the current state of research on neoantigen vaccines,including the mechanisms of neoantigen generation and relatively screening methods,vaccine design and production,preclinical and clinical research progress,as well as the current challenges and future development trends.We present the potential of neoantigen vaccines in personalized treatment and their significant role in improving the survival rates and quality of life of cancer patients.Additionally,this review highlights the key issues in current research and proposes potential solutions,providing a reference for future studies.