乳酸——免疫调控多面手

Lactic acid--a multi-faceted player in immune modulation

乳酸作为无氧或有氧糖酵解的主要产物,长期以来被认为只是该过程的代谢废物,而现在研究逐渐揭示,乳酸作为重要的信号分子,通过作用于免疫细胞中乳酸转运体、乳酸受体及胞内直接传感器等进行免疫调节,并在慢性炎症性疾病、感染、肿瘤等疾病免疫中发挥了重要调控作用。本综述重点阐述近年来乳酸对于免疫调控作用的研究进展。

As the main product of anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis,lactic acid has long been considered to be only the metabolic waste of this process,but now researches have are gradually revealing that lactic acid,as an important signaling molecule,plays a key immune regulatory role by acting on lactic acid transporters,lactate receptors and intracellular direct sensors in immune cells.In chronic inflammatory diseases,lactic acid helps maintain a pro-inflammatory environment that encourages immune cells to remain at the site of inflammation.In the event of infection,lactic acid impairs host immunity.In the tumor microenvironment(TME),the increase in lactic acid production and the resulting TME acidification promote tumor growth and invasion,and inhibit the body′s immune response to tumor antigens.This review focuses on the recent research progress on the role of lactic acid in immune regulation.