环唑醇及氟环唑处理材的野外耐久性能评价

Durability Evaluation of Wood Treated with Preservatives Containing Cyproconazole and Epoxiconazole by Field Stake Test

【目的】探究氟环唑(EPO)、环唑醇(Cy)、铜胺(氨)环唑醇(CuCy)等制剂处理材的野外耐久性能,确定各制剂在户外与土壤接触(C4.1)时的推荐使用或标准载药量,为该类防腐剂处理质量标准的制定及其实际应用提供依据。【方法】制备稳定的Cy和EPO水溶性微乳液,以马尾松和辐射松为试验材料,采用真空加压处理工艺,依据《木材防腐剂性能评估的野外埋地试验方法》(GB/T 27655—2011),将Cy、EPO和CuCy制剂处理试样进行埋地测试,每年记录并计算处理材的耐腐朽和抗白蚁蛀蚀完好指数,确定其耐腐朽和防白蚁性能。【结果】在木材腐朽中等危害区域(Z2)北京试验场,载药量≥0.049 kg·m^(-3)Cy和载药量≥0.047 kg·m^(-3)EPO处理材7年后耐腐朽完好指数≥9.0,耐腐朽性能良好;载药量1.60~3.20 kg·m^(-3)CuCy处理的马尾松和载药量1.40~3.04 kg·m^(-3)CuCy处理的辐射松11年后耐腐朽完好指数全部为10,耐腐朽性能较好,CuCy处理材耐腐朽性能与铜/戊唑醇/丙环唑(CuPT)相当。在木材腐朽白蚁严重危害区域(Z4)广州试验场,载药量1.97~2.80 kg·m^(-3)CuCy处理的马尾松11年后耐腐朽完好指数≥9.78,其中载药量2.80 kg·m^(-3)CuCy处理材11年后抗白蚁蛀蚀完好指数为7.15。【结论 】在Z2区域C4.1使用时,CuCy处理材载药量≥1.60 kg·m^(-3)可确保耐腐朽性能;在Z4区域C4.1使用时,CuCy处理材载药量≥2.80 kg·m^(-3)可确保耐腐朽和防白蚁性能。在Z2区域C4.1使用环境,不含铜Cy和EPO处理材的耐腐性能较戊唑醇/丙环唑高效;在Z2及Z4区域C4.1使用环境,当载药量等量时,CuCy处理材的耐久性能与CuPT相当。

【Objective】In order to evaluate the durability of wood treated by cyproconazole(Cy),cupraamine/ammonia/Cy(CuCy)and epoxiconazole(EPO)formulations,the suitable retention of the above formulations for exterior ground contact circumstance(C4.1)was determined for national standard and its practical application.【Method】The water soluble microemulsions of Cy as well as EPO were prepared and impregnated into masson pine and radiata pine through vacuum pressure process.According to the national standard《Method of evaluating wood preservatives by field tests with stakes》(GB/T 27655—2011),the decay and termite resistance index of cyproconazole,CuCy and epoxiconazole treated masson pine and radiata pine was calculated and the natural durability was conducted and determined.【Result】At Beijing field test site,located in medium biological hazard zone(Z2),the decay resistance index of all Cy and EPO treated wood with retention above 0.049 kg·m^(-3) was above 9.0 after 7 years.The decay resistance index of all CuCy treated pines was 10 after 11 years,while the retention was 1.60-3.20 kg·m^(-3) for masson pine,and the retention was 1.40-3.04 kg·m^(-3) for the radiata pine.The decay resistance of CuCy treated wood was excellent and was equivalent to that of cupraamine/ammonia/tebuconazole/propiconazole(CuPT)treated wood with the same retention at Beijing test site.For all the masson pine treated by CuCy at Guangzhou test site,located in severe biological hazard zone(Z4),the decay resistance index was above 9.78 at the retention 1.97-2.80 kg·m^(-3),and the termite resistance index was 7.15 at the retention of 2.80 kg·m^(-3) after 11 years.【Conclusion】The results showed that the CuCy treated wood with retention above 1.60 kg·m^(-3) performed excellent protection for decay under the usage C4.1 in Z2,while CuCy treated wood with retention above 2.80 kg·m^(-3) performed good protection for both decay and termite in Z4.The decay resistance of Cy and EPO treated wood was more efficient than that of tebuconazole and propiconazole in Z2,while the durability of wood treated by CuCy was equivalent to that treated by CuPT at the same retention in both Z2 and Z4.