基于DEA-Malmquist模型的散养奶牛效率评价及对策研究

Add to Favorite Efficiency evaluation and countermeasure research of free-range dairy cows based on DEA-Malmquist model

文章在国内奶牛规模化养殖的背景下,针对现有散养奶牛的个别省份进行效率评价,为今后发展提供理论依据。基于2012~2021年散养奶牛的相关数据,采用DEA-Malmquist模型对散养奶牛效率进行了测算。结果表明,散养奶牛整体效率未达到DEA有效,主要原因取决于规模效率,仅2016~2017年、2017~2018年时间段内,散养奶牛效率有所提高,其余时间段均降低,尤其2018~2020年时间段内快速降低;2012~2021年期间山西和新疆散养奶牛效率提高,吉林、湖南、陕西散养奶牛效率降低。依据研究结果,实施差异化的发展策略和注重散户养殖人员的技术培训是散养奶牛今后发展的路径选择。

Under the background of large-scale dairy cows breeding in China,the efficiency aimed at individual provinces where dairy cows are now free-range raised is evaluated in order to provide a theoretical basis for future development.Based on the relevant data of free-range dairy cows from 2012 to 2021,DEA-Malmquist model was used to calculate the efficiency of free-range dairy cows.The results show that the overall efficiency of free-range dairy cows does not reach DEA efficiency,which is mainly due to the scale efficiency.Only in the period of 2016-2017and 2017-2018,the efficiency of free-range dairy cows has been improved,and the other periods has been decreased,especially rapidly in the period of 2018-2020.From 2012 to 2021,the efficiency of free-range dairy cows in Shanxi and Xinjiang has been increased,while that in Jilin,Hunan and Shaanxi has been decreased.According to the research results,the implementation of differentiated development strategies and the emphasis on the technical training of retail farmers are the path selections for the future development of free-range dairy cows.