面向实时需求的高铁快运列车运输组织方案协同优化研究

The collaborative optimization of high-speed railway freight train transportation organization scheme for real-time demand

近年来,我国电商行业高速发展,快递需求随之快速增长。高铁快运凭借其运量大、速度快、能耗低的特点,成为现代快递运输的重要方式。在保证高铁快运产品时效性的基础上,为解决现阶段我国高铁快运列车时刻表、停站方案与货物装配方案三者协同优化研究不足而导致的高铁运力资源利用效率较低的问题,建立二次0-1混合整数规划模型。借鉴铁路阶段计划的思想,将全天分为多个时段,以每个时段的货运需求为导向,针对下个时段的高铁快运货物装配方案和新增快运列车停站方案和时刻表进行协同优化。针对已知新增快运列车数量的情况,建立了考虑货物时效性的新增列车的停站方案、时刻表和装配方案协同优化模型(简称协同优化模型)。针对模型约束进行线性化处理,并根据模型特点设计并使用两阶段求解方法,利用LINGO软件求解。以宁杭高铁线路为例,针对9:00-12:00的列车运行图进行优化分析。从结果来看,协同优化模型相比于传统优化方法,可以同时减少列车在途时间和货物在途时间,保证运力资源的充分利用。对比两阶段求解的求解结果可以发现,相比第1阶段,第2阶段得到的货物在途时间更短,货物装配方案更合理,由此可见两阶段求解方法也是合理且有效的。研究结果可以为进一步优化高铁快运列车运输组织方案,提高运输效率提供参考。

Recently,the e-commerce industry and demand for express delivery have developed rapidly.Because of its high transportation capability,fast speed,and low energy consumption,high-speed rail express transportation has become an important mode of modern express transportation.On the basis of ensuring the timeliness of high-speed rail express products,a quadratic 0-1 mixed integer programming model was established to solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of high-speed rail transportation resources caused by insufficient research on the cooperative optimization of train timetables,stopping schemes,and freight allocation plans.Drawing on the idea of the railway stage plan,the whole day was divided into multiple periods.Guided by the freight demand of each period,the collaborative optimization of the high-speed rail express freight allocation plan,the new express train stopping plan and the timetable for the next period was carried out.Given the known number of new express trains,a collaborative optimization model of the stopping scheme,freight allocation plan,and timetable of new trains considering the timeliness of freight was established.The linearization of the model was carried out and a two-stage algorithm was designed for the model,which was solved by LINGO.The Nanjing-Hangzhou high-speed railway corridor was taken as an example,and the train diagram from 9:00―12:00 was optimized and analyzed.From the results,compared with the traditional optimization method,the collaborative optimization model can reduce the train transit time and freight transit time concurrently,and ensure the full utilization of transportation resources.The comparison of the two-stage results shows that compared with the first stage,the second stage has a shorter transit time and a more reasonable freight allocation plan.The two-stage solution method is reasonable and effective.The results can provide reference for further optimizing the transportation organization scheme of high-speed rail express trains and improving transportation efficiency.