铁路运营企业运输效率的动态测度及其影响因素研究

Research on dynamic measurement and influencing factors of transportation efficiency of railway operating enterprises

铁路运营企业作为铁路运输的基本单位,提升其运输效率已经成为铁路运输行业发展的关键任务。为了得到影响铁路运营企业运输效率的关键影响因素和提升铁路运营企业的运输效率,对近年来铁路运营企业的运输效率进行了动态测度及影响因素研究。基于此,从动态的视角切入,采用具有结转效应的DSBM模型,对全球范围内满足面板数据质量要求的35家铁路运营企业2000—2020年间的运输效率进行了测度分析。在动态效率测度的基础上,使用具有固定效应的面板Tobit模型,从同类型企业间竞争和同行业间竞争2个角度出发,选取所在国新企业进入数量、铁路客运周转量以及货运周转量在内陆客货运市场中的占比3个相关因素,对铁路运营企业的运输效率进行深入研究。研究结果表明:所在国有新企业进入的样本企业,其综合运输效率主要由规模效率主导,而所在国没有新企业进入的样本企业,其综合运输效率主要由纯技术效率主导;所在国新企业进入数量与运输效率呈显著负相关关系,而铁路客货运周转量在内陆客货运市场的占比与运输效率之间呈显著正相关关系。研究结论对于科学识别影响铁路运营企业运输效率的因素具有重要意义,为提高铁路运营企业的运输效率、推动整个铁路运输行业的发展提供了有益的启示。

Improving transport efficiency of railway operating enterprises,the basic unit of railway transportation industry,has become the key task for the development of railway transportation industry.To obtain the key factors affecting the transportation efficiency of railway operating enterprises and improve transportation efficiency,dynamic measurement and influential factors have been conducted in recent years.Based on those previous studies and from the dynamic perspective,the DSBM model with carry-over effect was adopted to measure and analyze the transportation efficiency of 35 railway operating enterprises that satisfy the quality requirements of panel data from 2000 to 2020 on a global scale.Based on dynamic efficiency measurement,the panel Tobit model with fixed effect was used to select three relevant factors,namely,the number of new enterprises entering the country,the volume of railway passenger transport and the proportion of freight transport turnover in the inland passenger and freight market.From the perspectives of competition between enterprises of the same type and competition between the same industry,the transportation efficiency of railway operating enterprises was deeply studied.The results show that the comprehensive transportation efficiency of the sample enterprises with new state-owned enterprises is mainly dominated by scale efficiency,while that of the sample enterprises without new enterprises in the host country is mainly dominated by pure technical efficiency.There is a significant negative correlation between the number of new enterprises entering the country and the transportation efficiency,while there is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of railway passenger and freight turnover in the inland passenger and freight market and the transport efficiency.The research conclusion is of great significance for scientific identification of factors affecting the transportation efficiency of railway operating enterprises,and provides useful enlightenment for improving the transportation efficiency of railway operating enterprises and promoting the development of the entire railway transportation industry.