数据财产权益应采用反不正当竞争法保护模式

Data Property Rights Should be Protected under Anti-Unfair Competition Law

我国民事立法对数据财产权益保护的规定尚处于空白状态。以我国首例非法调用服务器API接口数据贩卖牟利案为切入点,探讨对数据财产权益保护究竟应采用财产权保护模式还是反不正当竞争法保护模式这一争议。从数据财产权保护模式存在的理论困境、采用数据财产权保护模式无法获得审判实务证成、适用反不正当竞争法处理数据侵权纠纷案的司法实务经验及立法规制等方面进行深入研究,明确在立法上应采用反不正当竞争法保护模式对数据利益分配和侵权司法救济进行规制,无需创设复杂的、具有较强排他性的数据财产权,构建既能较好保护数据持有人的合法权益,又能有效促进数据流通和使用的数据保护制度。

China's civil legislation on the protection system of data property rights and interests is currently blank.Starting from the first case of illegal API interface data trafficking for profit,this paper discusses the controversial issue of whether data property rights and interests should be protected under a property rights model or the protection mode of anti-unfair competition law.This paper makes an in-depth study on the theoretical dilemma of the data property right protection model,the difficulties in obtaining trial evidence,judicial practice experience of applying the anti-unfair competition law to deal with data infringement disputes,and legislative regulations.It concludes that the anti-unfair competition law protection model should be adopted in legislation to regulate the distribution of data benefits and the judicial relief of infringement.There is no need to create complex and highly exclusive data property rights to protect data;rather,it shall create a data protection system that can not only better protect the legitimate rights and interests of data holders,but also effectively promote the circulation and use of data.