多元理性:家户制传统下的农户一家两制实践

Multiple Rationality:The Practice of Two Systems in One Family among Farmers under the Household System Tradition

怎样在实践中把握农户在食物生产上的一家两制?本文在家户制传统下提出多元理性框架,和单一理性的农业经济理论假定展开对话。本文认为,农户理性包含多元向度且相互联系:既依循差序责任,区分“自家人”和“外部人”,进行内外有别的食物生产,“让自家人吃自家饭”,带来“个体自保”,也能进行推己及人的价值权衡,在场域约束与道义反思的互构中,将“外部人”视同为“自家人”,从而“让有条件的自家人吃上自家饭”,促进“社会共保”。基于东亚家户制传统的多元理性,与基于西方农业经济理论的单一经济理性假定的对话,有助于更新农民学研究的认识基础,构建基于中国实践的理论,发现能够促进食物体系可持续发展的小农路径。

How to grasp the policy of two systems in one family for farmers in food production in practice?This paper proposes a multi-rationality framework under the household system tradition to dialogue with the single-rationality theoretical assumption of agricultural economics.This paper argues that the farmer rationality contains multiple dimensions and they are interconnected:it follows the principle of differential responsibility,distinguishing“family members”from“outsiders”,and conduct food production that is differentiated,“letting family members eat their own food”,and bringing about“individual self-protection”.In the meantime,it can also extend from oneself to others,and in the mutual construction of field constraints and moral reflection,it regards“outsiders”as“family members”,thereby“letting family members who are qualified eat their own food”,and bringing about“social co-protection”.This paper proposes multiple rationality based on the East Asian household system tradition,and dialogues with the single economic rationality assumption based on Western agricultural economic theory.It will help update the cognitive basis of farmer studies,build theories based on Chinese practice,and discover smallholders paths that can promote the sustainable development of the food system.