书写母亲的历史——二战后日本国民历史学运动与妇女史的实践

Writing Mothers History——The National Historiography Movement and the Practice of Women s History in Post-WWII Japan

第二次世界大战之后,日本左翼思潮兴起,马克思主义的影响尤为重要。由马克思主义史家石母田正领导的国民历史学运动便是一例。这一运动倡导知识分子协助民众,书写工人、农民等民众的历史,进而重构日本历史的主体。在国民历史学运动中,妇女史书写是重要的组成部分,而“母亲的历史”的书写又是最为核心的内容。通过书写母亲的历史这一史学实践,国民历史学运动从立场、方法、资料等多个维度拓展了日本近现代史学发展的空间。

After World War II,a left-wing intellectual trend rose in Japan,of which Marxism was particularly prominent.An example of the Marxist influence on historical writing was the National Historiography Movement led by the Marxist historian Ishimoda Shō.This movement advocated that intellectuals assist the people by writing the history of the workers,peasants,and other people,in hopes of reconstructing the subjectivity of Japanese history.The writing of women s history was an important part of the National Historiography Movement,of which the writing of“mothers history”was the core.Through the historiographical practice of writing mothers history,the National Historiography Movement helped the development of modern Japanese historiography to expand in various aspects,such as acquiring new perspectives,improving its methodology,and exploring different sources.