基于《证类本草》的鲜药应用特点研究

Application Characteristics of Fresh Medicines in the Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern(Zheng Lei Ben Cao)

目的:通过统计与分析《重修政和经史证类备用本草》(简称《证类本草》)中可鲜用中药及应用特点,为鲜药的临床应用与开发提供参考。方法:对《证类本草》收录的中药进行筛选,并将纳入的鲜药相关信息输入Excel表格,进行统计分析。结果:《证类本草》中发现鲜药种类总计296种,其中鲜植物药234种(79.05%),鲜动物药62种(20.95%);鲜药药性以寒凉为主,植物药药味以甘、苦、辛为主,动物药药味以甘、咸、苦为主,无毒鲜药最多,有191种(82.33%);在用法中,外用最多337次(53.32%);在主治疾病上,记载最多的是外科疾病201次(30.04%)。结论:《证类本草》中明确记载了多种动植物药的临床鲜用方法,但目前鲜药的应用十分有限,有待进一步加强鲜药资源开发与相关实验验证。

Objective:To provide a reference for the clinical application and development of fresh medicines by statistically analyzing the medicines for fresh use and their application characteristics in the Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern(Zheng Lei Ben Cao).Methods:The Chinese medicines included in this book were screened,and the information of the included fresh medicines was organized in an Excel sheet for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 296 fresh medicines were found in the Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern(Zheng Lei Ben Cao),including 234(79.05%)fresh herbal medicines and 62(20.95%)fresh animal medicines.The fresh medicines were mainly cold or cool.The fresh herbal medicines were mainly sweet,bitter,and pungent,and the fresh animal medicines were mainly sweet,salty,and bitter.Most fresh medicines(191,82.33%)were non-toxic.In terms of the usage,there were 337(53.32%)records of external application.As for the indications,there were 201(30.04%)records of surgical diseases.Conclusion:The Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern(Zheng Lei Ben Cao)specifies the clinical usage of a variety of fresh herbal and animal medicines.However,the application of fresh medicines are limited,and efforts should be made to enhance the development and experimental studies of fresh medicinal resources.