疼痛记忆的经验书写与活着式的生存哲学——余华小说的主题研究

Experiential Writing of Pain Memory and Philosophy of Living——Research on Theme of Yu Hua’s Novels

对恐惧情绪的深描和暴力场景的渲染是余华小说一贯的创作主题,作为一种情绪表达,恐惧是人类面对未知情况和臆想危险情景在短时间内产生的不安紧张的正常生理和心理反应,作家的暴力书写延续了先锋文学中作家自由反叛的主体精神,通过虚伪的形式挖掘被压抑的生命形态。社会伦理的缺失和道德尊严的沦丧所构筑的荒诞世界是余华在20世纪80年代创作中反复呈现的图景。而在20世纪90年代余华转变叙事策略,整体化呈现小人物的命运走向表达出某种共有的集体记忆和生存方式。对个体疼痛和集体记忆的反复描写,其目的是借此补偿作家往昔的苦难记忆和情感空缺。以《活着》为代表集中体现余华的苦难叙事哲学,活着式的文学书写集中体现作家对底层小人物命运的关注。

A deep exploration of fear emotions and vivid depictions of violence are the consistent themes in Yu Hua’s novels.As an emotional expression,fear is a normal physiological and psychological response of humans to unknown situations and imagined dangerous scenarios in a short period of time.The writer’s violent writing carries on the pioneering literature’s spirit of free rebellion as a subject.It digs into the suppressed life forms through false forms.The absurd world constructed by the lack of social ethics and the decline of moral dignity is a recurring scene in Yu Hua’s creations in the 1980s.In the 1990s,Yu Hua changed his narrative strategy and presented a holistic portrayal of the fates of small characters,expressing a certain shared collective memory and mode of survival.The repeated depiction of individual pain and collective memory aims to compensate for the writer’s past suffering memory and emotional void.To Live style literary writing exemplifies Yu Hua’s philosophy of suffering narrative,showing the writer’s concern for the fate of low-level small characters.