知识产权保护对“一带一路”国家间创新合作的影响

The Impact of Intellectual Property Protection on Innovation Cooperation Among Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative

当前全球创新网络正向区域化方向发展,呈现出与“西方中心论”话语体系下“南北冲突”模型所不同的发展态势。“一带一路”倡议下包含的政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通和民心相通的“五通”合作模式为南南合作提供了新范式。利用零膨胀负二项模型,以2008—2019年incoPat数据库中“一带一路”国家申请的《专利合作条约》(PCT)专利数据作为研究样本,探究“一带一路”共建国家创新合作与知识产权保护的关系。结果表明:“一带一路”创新合作网络已从以俄罗斯为核心的单核心布局发展为以俄罗斯、中国和新加坡为核心的多核心集聚型布局,俄罗斯的主导地位下降、中国和新加坡后来居上;国家创新体量、知识产权保护水平和互联互通水平是“一带一路”共建国家间创新合作的重要影响因素。其中,提高知识产权保护水平和互联互通水平对处于区域创新网络外围位置的国家的促进作用更强,而处于网络核心位置的国家的创新合作则更依赖国家创新体量;增强互联互通水平有助于为创新合作搭建桥梁,缓解对知识产权正式制度的依赖;处于区域创新网络外围位置的后发国家可以在维持知识产权标准以保护本国工业基础的同时,通过增强互联互通水平参与创新网络构建。因此,中国应加强与“一带一路”共建国家的知识产权国际合作,加快构建多边、周边、小多边、双边四边联动及协调推进的知识产权国际合作新格局。

The current global innovation network is developing in the direction of regionalization,showing a development trend that is different from the"North-South conflict"model under the“Western-centered”discourse system.The"Five Links"cooperation model under the Belt and Road Initiative includes policy communication,facility connectivity,unimpeded trade,financial integration,and people-to-people connectivity,providing a new paradigm for South-South Cooperation.A zero-inflated negative binomial model is used to explore the factors affecting innovation cooperation between countries by using the PCT patent application data filed by the Belt and Road countries in the incoPat database from 2008 to 2019 as a research sample,to explore the relationship between the Belt and Road national innovation cooperation and intellectual property rights protection.The research results show that the Belt and Road innovation cooperation network has developed from a single-core layout with Russia as the core to a multi-core agglomeration layout with Russia,China,and Singapore as the core,while Russia's dominance has declined and China and Singapore has emerged.The national innovation volume,intellectual property protection level,and interconnection level are important factors influencing innovation cooperation between the countries.Among them,improving the level of intellectual property protection and interconnection has a stronger promotion effect on countries located on the periphery of regional innovation networks,while the innovation cooperation of countries located at the core of the network is more dependent on national innovation volume;enhancing the level of interconnection can help build bridges for innovation cooperation and alleviate dependence on the formal system of intellectual property rights;late-developing countries on the periphery of regional innovation networks can maintain intellectual property standards to protect their own industrial base while maintaining intellectual property standards through enhanced interconnection.Therefore,China should strengthen international intellectual property cooperation with the countries participating in the Belt and Road initiative,and accelerate the construction of a new pattern of international intellectual property cooperation which is multilateral,peripheral,small multilateral,bilateral four-border linkage and coordinated progress.