研发人员职场地位对个体创新行为作用的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on the Effects of Workplace Status on Individual Innovation Behavior of R&D Personnel

职场地位对组织具有多面性的影响,但其作用很容易被忽视。中国针对职场地位的研究处于探索阶段,涉及企业研发人员职场地位的理论研究成果及应用实践案例较少,且很少把职场地位作为前因变量进行研究。为弥补当前有关研究的空白,在以往职场地位研究成果的基础上,基于社会认知理论和资源保存理论,同时关注职场地位的动态性和双面性,采用案例质性研究方法和对4家科技型企业的80名研发人员进行深度访谈,凝练出39个自由节点和6个主范畴,通过建立范畴之间的联结以明确研发人员职场地位与个体创新行为的作用机制;同时,以职场地位为前因变量,建立职场地位与个体创新行为的概念模型。结果表明:研发人员的职场地位与个体创新行为、创新自我效能感关系整体呈正相关且具有倒“U”型曲线的特征;研发人员的创新自我效能感具有激发工作激情的特征,其与个体创新行为呈正向线性关系,在研发人员的职场地位从低到高变化过程中,个体表现出的工作激情跟随上升,但在高的职场地位状态时不再上升,未出现明显的倒“U”型曲线特征;权力距离取向对创新自我效能感、和谐性工作激情以及强迫性工作激情具有促进创新行为的边界调节作用。

Workplace status has a multi-faceted impact on an organization,but its role is easy to overlook.The research on workplace status in China is in the exploratory stage,and there are few theoretical research results and application cases involving the workplace status of R&D personnel in enterprises,and the workplace status is rarely studied as an antecedent variable.In order to make up for the current research gap,based on the previous research results on workplace status,based on social cognitive theory and resource conservation theory,and focusing on the dynamic and double-sided nature of workplace status,this paper adopts the case qualitative research method and conducts in-depth interviews with 80 R&D personnel from 4 scientific and technological enterprises,and summarizes 39 free nodes and 6 main categories.By establishing the connection between the categories,the mechanism of the workplace status and individual innovation behavior of R&D personnel is clarified.Meanwhile,taking workplace status as antecedent variable,the conceptual model of workplace status and individual innovation behavior is established.The results show that the workplace status of R&D personnel is positively correlated with individual innovation behavior and innovation self-efficacy,and has the characteristics of an inverted"U"-shaped curve;the innovation self-efficacy of R&D personnel has the characteristics of stimulating work passion,there is a positive linear relationship between R&D personnel's innovation self-efficacy and individual innovation behavior,when the workplace status of R&D personnel changes from low to high,the individual's work passion rises along with it,and when the workplace status is high,the work passion no longer rises,but there is no obvious inverted U-shaped curve.Besides,power distance orientation has a borderline moderating effect on innovation self-efficacy,harmonious work passion,and compulsive work passion.