“谣言的内幕”:个体心理视角的网络政治谣言生成与应对

“Insider Rumor”:Generation and Governance of Network Political Rumors from the Individual Psychological Perspective

网络政治谣言既是一种政治现象,也是一种传播行为。网络政治谣言的生成与传播与个体存在密切关联,个体是网络政治谣言传播的关键节点,个体行为影响网络政治谣言的传播进程,个体差异塑造出网络政治谣言的多样性特征。基于个体心理审视,个体的信息缺乏与认知偏差、情感激荡与情绪宣泄、立场分歧与“混乱需求”、理性泯灭及来自所属群体的压力,共同影响着个体参与网络政治谣言生成与传播的态度与行为。网络政治谣言不仅能麻痹个体政治思想、削弱政府公信力,还可能威胁到社会秩序稳定甚至损害国家形象,需要从个体素养、信息监管、政府建设和国际传播等方面综合探讨应对策略,从而有效治理网络政治谣言,形成良好网络空间生态。

Online political rumors are not only a political phenomenon,but also a spreading behavior.The generation and dissemination of online political rumors are closely related to individuals.Individuals are the key nodes in the spread of online political rumors,and their behavior affects the process of spreading online political rumors.Individual differences shape the diversity characteristics of online political rumors.Based on individual psychological examination,individual attitudes and behaviors towards participating in the generation and dissemination of online political rumors are influenced by their lack of information and cognitive biases,emotional agitation and venting,divergent stances and chaotic needs,loss of rationality,and pressure from their respective groups.Online political rumors can not only numb individual political thoughts and weaken government credibility,but may also threaten social order stability and even damage national image.It is necessary to comprehensively explore response strategies from individual literacy,information regulation,government construction,and international dissemination,in order to govern effectively online political rumors and form a good network space ecology.