“认购碳汇”刑事司法适用困境及其完善

The Dilemma and Improvement of Criminal Justice Application of“Subscription of Carbon Sequestration”

“认购碳汇”是我国法院基于司法能动精神创新的一项替代性修复责任承担方式。检视“认购碳汇”刑事司法实践,存在适用模糊与泛化、碳市场衔接规范性不足以及刑罚配置模式不健全等现实困境。依循替代性修复的作用机理,实现效率价值与生态环境公共利益的衡平保障,是纾解其适用困境的必由之路。为此,须加强刑事司法裁判对“认购碳汇”适用条件、位序及方式等替代性修复原理的考量与说理,以达到审慎适用的目的;明确碳汇认购金赔偿范围及实现进路,提升环境刑事司法与碳市场衔接的规范性;健全刑罚配置模式,实现量刑情节的外部独立性及内部区分化。

“Subscription of carbon sinks”is an innovative alternative way for Chinese courts to assume repair responsibilities based on the spirit of judicial agency.Examine the criminal justice practice of“subscribing to carbon sinks”,there are practical difficulties such as vague and generalized application,insufficient standardization of carbon market connection,and imperfect penalty allocation models.Following the mechanism of alternative restoration and achieving a balance between efficiency value and public interests in the ecological environment is the only way to alleviate its application dilemma.In this way,it is necessary to strengthen the consideration and reasoning of alternative restoration principles such as the conditions,order,and methods for the application of“subscription of carbon sinks”in criminal justice judgments,in order to achieve the goal of prudent application;it is necessary to clarify the scope and implementation path of carbon sink subscription compensation,and improve the standardization of the connection between environmental criminal justice and carbon market;it is also necessary to improve the penalty allocation model and achieve external independence and internal differentiation of sentencing circumstances.