高校自杀风险大学生心理求助的影响因素与应对策略

Influencing Factors and Intervention Strategies for Psychological Help-seeking in College Students with Suicide Risk

高校自杀风险大学生心理求助比例较低。大学生在心理求助时受到诸多消极因素的影响:外源性因素有心理问题的污名化、死亡话题禁忌、家庭情感的复杂性、大学人际关系的两极性、非专业心理求助对专业心理求助的妨碍、专业心理服务的可获得性低等;内源性因素包括低自尊水平、绝望感、消极应对方式、述情障碍等。为了强化自杀风险大学生的心理求助意愿和行为,通过以积极心理学视角建设校园文化,培育学生社区的亲社会心态,构建和谐有爱的班级文化,营造鼓励心理求助的氛围;构建家庭—高校—医院协同育人体系,增强心理助人合力;加强心理危机预防科普宣传,提高自杀预防素养,促进非专业心理求助向专业心理求助转化。

The proportion of psychological help-seeking for college students with suicide risk is low.They are affected by many negative factors during psychological help-seeking.Exogenous factors include the stigma of psychological problems,taboos of death topics,complexity of family emotions,bipolarity of university interpersonal relationships,the hindrance of non-professional psychological help-seeking to professional psychological help-seeking,low professional psychological services;etc;Inner factors include low self-esteem,hopelessness,negative coping styles,alexithymia,etc.In order to enhance the psychological help-seeking willingness and behavior of college students with suicide risks,we should build campus culture from the perspective of positive psychology,cultivate the prosocial mentality of the student community,build a harmonious and loving class culture,and create an atmosphere that encourages psychological help-seeking;build the family-university-hospital collaborative education system to enhance the synergy of psychological assistance;strengthen the popularization of psychological crisis prevention,improve suicide prevention literacy,and promote the transformation of non-professional psychological help-seeking into professional psychological help-seeking.