实时法治体检:街道层级法治评估体系的功能及其建构

Real-time Inspection of the Implementation of Rule of Law:The Function and Construction of a System for Assessing Rule of Law Practice at the Sub-district Level

全面推进依法治国,基础在基层,工作重点在基层。街道办事处作为区县政府的派出机关,在基层治理中扮演着重要角色,需要及时建立起完善的法治评估体系,确保政府法治工作在各个层级都能够得到有效推进。然而,比较各地推出的基层依法治理评估体系,其内容设计“承上的多”“启下的少”,未能充分还原基层政府贴近人民、直接服务人民的工作特点;配套的测评方案也动辄以年为计,削弱了法治评估在实施过程中随时了解效果,看到成绩和问题的能力。针对上述困境,深圳市近年来发挥数字政府建设的领先优势,突破既有的考核、评估模式,组织开展了实时动态的“法治体检”,通过精准、科学的大数据摸排确定人民群众普遍关心的业务节点,探索形成了专门的、从街道工作中生长起来的指标体系。实时法治体检具有随时预警的功能定位,有助于加强街道之间的横向比较和行政违法的自查自纠,真正提高人民群众的获得感和满意度。

The promotion of comprehensive rule of law in China must be rooted in the practice at the primary level which should be regarded as the key to the whole project.As an extension of the district or county-level government,subdistrict offices play a crucial role in primary-level governance.It is imperative to establish a sound evaluation system to ensure that the rule of law is effectively advanced at all levels of government.However,a comparison of various evaluation systems targeting the primary-level rule of law practice reveals that their design tends to focus more on responding to the directives issued by the higher-level authorities(“upward alignment”)and less on enabling primary-level practice(“downward empowerment”),failing to fully capture the primary-level government s role in closely serving the people.Additionally,the associated evaluation plans often operate on an annual basis,which weakens the ability of rule of law evaluations to promptly assess the effectiveness and identify the success and issues during the implementation of the inspection policy.To address these challenges,in recent years,Shenzhen has leveraged its leading position in digital government construction to break through the existing assessment and evaluation models.It has organized a real-time dynamic“rule of law inspection”,using precise and sound big data analysis to identify the key issues of widespread public concern.This initiative has led to the development of a specialized indicator system rooted in the rule of law practice at the subdistrict level.Real-time inspections have a preemptive warning function,facilitating horizontal comparisons between subdistricts and enabling self-inspection and correction of administrative violations.This approach can genuinely enhance the public s sense of gain and satisfaction.