基于仿真的高校食堂安全疏散研究

Research on Safe Evacuation of College Canteens Based on Simulation

校园建筑安全疏散研究对于预防校园建筑火灾事故具有重要的现实意义。研究选取某高校食堂进行安全疏散研究,先运用FDS软件进行火灾模拟,综合考虑能见度、CO体积分数及CO_(2)体积分数、温度对可用安全疏散时间的累积影响,确定人员可用疏散时间。再根据Pathfinder模拟计算,发现食堂存在人员可用疏散时间小于人员必须疏散时间的安全疏散问题,远不满足现行疏散要求。最后分析其疏散过程中的拥堵问题,综合选取人员荷载数量、疏散出口宽度、楼梯宽度、增设室外楼梯等四个方面的优化策略进行定量研究。结果表明:减少人员荷载数量、增宽楼梯宽度以及增设室外楼梯能有效优化所需疏散时间,增宽疏散出口宽度对所需疏散时间影响较小。

The study of safe evacuation of campus buildings is of great practical significance for the prevention of fire accidents in campus buildings.In this study,a university canteen was selected for safe evacuation research,and the fire simulation was first simulated using FDS software,and the cumulative impact of visibility,CO volume fraction and CO_(2)volume fraction and temperature on the available safe evacuation time was considered to determine the available evacuation time.According to the Pathfinder simulation calculation,it is found that the available evacuation time of personnel in the canteen is less than the necessary evacuation time,which is far from meeting the current evacuation requirements.Finally,the congestion problem in the evacuation process was analyzed,and the optimization strategies of four aspects,such as the number of personnel loads,the width of the evacuation exit,the width of the stairs,and the addition of outdoor stairs,were comprehensively selected for quantitative research.The results show that reducing the number of personnel loads,widening the width of the stairs and adding outdoor stairs can effectively optimize the required evacuation time,and the widening of the evacuation exit width has less impact on the required evacuation time.