英国《遗传技术(精准育种)法》评析及其对我国的启示

Analysis of Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act in UK and its implications for China

精准育种技术通过创制高产、高附加值农产品,对提升育种效率和农业环境效益具有重要意义。基于“脱欧”后农业供应链承压和新育种技术发展的客观需求,2023年3月23日,英国发布《遗传技术(精准育种)法》。秉持有限制的开放政策和可持续的原则理念,该法针对精准育种生物体的释放和销售、由精准育种生物体生产的食品或饲料,规定了差异化的通知程序和多元化的监督执行机制。在新育种技术快速发展的背景下,我国应建立基于产品特性的监管方案、规定基因编辑标识和追溯机制、完善生物技术立法与执法机制,以兼顾农业可持续发展与生物安全的需求。

Precision breeding technology is important for improving breeding efficiency and agro-environmental benefits by creating high-yielding and high-value-added agricultural products.Based on the pressure on agricultural supply chain and the objective need for new breeding technologies post-Brexit,the Genetic Technology(Precision Breeding)Act in UK was published on March 23,2023.Stands for a restrictive open policy and sustainable development principle,the act provides differentiated notification procedures and diversified supervision and enforcement mechanisms for the release and sale of precision breeding organisms,and food or feed produced from precision breeding organisms.In the context of rapid development of new breeding technologies,China should establish a supervision program based on product characteristics,provide gene editing labeling and traceability mechanism,and improve biotechnology legislation and law enforcement mechanism to balance the needs of sustainable agricultural development and biosafety.