昆虫抗白僵菌免疫应答及其在害虫防治中的应用潜力

The antifungal responses of insects against an entomopathogenic fungi,Beauveria bassiana and their application potential in pest control

昆虫病原真菌白僵菌能成功侵染多种昆虫寄主并致其死亡,是农业生产中有效的生物杀虫剂。相应地,昆虫依赖多种策略抵御真菌感染,其中先天免疫防御是对抗真菌感染的重要手段。昆虫表皮是抵御真菌入侵的第一道屏障,表皮和外分泌腺可分泌多种抑菌化合物降低真菌毒力,当真菌孢子进入血淋巴后,细胞免疫和体液免疫共同作用产生系统性免疫应答,表达的多种防御效应因子在细胞包囊、细胞凋亡、黑化反应中发挥功能。然而昆虫强烈的免疫反应影响田间施用白僵菌的效果,导致该真菌制剂应用的局限性。文章详细阐述昆虫感染白僵菌后的免疫应答机制,参与抗真菌免疫的基因与作用手段。该研究为了解昆虫抗真菌免疫机制提供了详实的基础,为合理改造白僵菌、有效提高白僵菌毒力水平提供坚实基础,为农业虫害治理提供新的策略。

Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana can successfully infect and kill a wide range of insect hosts and therefore serve as effective bio-insecticide formulations.Accordingly,insects rely on a variety of strategies to defend against fungal infections,among which innate immunity is an essential component responsible for antifungal responses.The insect cuticle is the first barrier against fungal invasion.The cuticle and exocrine glands can secrete a variety of antifungal compounds to suppresses the virulence of B.bassiana.When the hyphae break through the cuticle and send infective spores to the hemocoel,cellular and humoral immunity work together to generate systemic immune responses.A variety of defense effectors are produced and functioned in cellular nodulation,encapsulation,melanization and apoptosis.Strong immune responses greatly affect the virulence of fungi,leading to the limitations of the application of these mycoinsecticide formulations.In this paper,we detailed immune genes,pathways and strategies against fungal infection.This study contributes to a better understanding of insect antifungal immunity mechanisms,as well as provides a solid basis for the effective improvement of entomopathogenic fungi virulence.This information offers us with new strategies for agricultural pest management.