基于RNAi的生物农药研究进展

Research progress of biopesticides based on RNAi

化学农药的大量使用产生的病虫害抗性、环境污染和农产品安全等一系列问题,使得新型可持续的植物保护策略成为农业绿色发展的必然要求。近年来,RNAi在植物病虫害防控中的应用潜力得到越来越多的关注,基于RNAi的生物农药(即核酸农药)的研发越来越迅速。核酸农药以喷雾诱导基因沉默(SIGS)为基础,通过外源施用针对靶标病原菌或害虫的dsRNA,即可触发RNAi从而抑制病原菌或害虫,实现对靶标病虫害特异性控制。由于核酸农药具靶标特异性、环境友好、不易产生抗性等优势,相关研究和开发进程日益加快,使之有望成为化学农药的重要补充或替代。文章对核酸农药的作用机制、研究进展、产品研发和应用现状,在商业化和使用过程中的风险以及需要注意的问题进行了综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。

The extensive use of chemical pesticides has brought about a series of problems,such as pest resistance,environmental pollution and agricultural product safety.The new sustainable plant protection strategy has become an inevitable requirement for the green development of agriculture.In recent years,the application potential of RNAi in plant disease and pest control has received more and more attention,and the research and development of biological pesticides based on RNAi(namely nucleic acid pesticides)is becoming more and more rapid.Nucleic acid pesticides are based on spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS).Exogenous application of dsRNA targeting target pathogens or pests can trigger RNAi to inhibit pathogens or pests and achieve specific control of target diseases and pests.Due to the advantages of target specificity,environmental friendliness and low resistance of nucleic acid pesticides,the research and development process of RNAi are accelerating.Therefore,nucleic acid pesticides are expected to become an important supplement or substitute for chemical pesticides.In this paper,the mechanism of action,research progress,product development and application status,risks in the process of commercialization and use,and problems that need to be noted of nucleic acid pesticides are reviewed,in order to provide reference for related research.