地方数据治理与数字内容出口

Local Data Governance and Digital Content Export

数字内容贸易兼具文化、经济和科技等多重属性,是推动中国数字贸易增长的新动能。作为“数据密集型”贸易形态,数字内容贸易发展与数据治理水平休戚相关。近年来,地方政府围绕数据治理展开了积极探索,主要包括:在捍卫安全底线基础上敦促数据跨境便利的“跨境流动治理”,激发数据要素活力的“交易流通治理”和促进公共数据应用开发的“开放共享治理”。本文整理了2014—2021年67个地级市发布的数据治理相关政策文件,利用文本分析方法对地方数据治理水平进行量化。本文基于data.ai数据库,计算出中国企业层面数字内容App的出口数据,并深入探讨地方数据治理对辖区内企业数字内容出口的影响。研究发现,地方数据治理有助于推动企业数字内容出口,且影响程度因企业规模、数字内容种类和质量、数据治理举措类型以及中国与目标国规制融合程度的不同而有所差异。地方数据治理对数字内容出口的提升作用是通过“降低数据跨境合规和信息获取成本”“提升企业创新水平”和“推动数据密集型产业集聚”实现的。本文的研究结论为地方政府从提升数据治理水平出发推动中国数字内容贸易发展提供了政策启示。

Digital content trade,characterized by its multifaceted nature encompassing culture,economy,and technology,represents a burgeoning form of international commerce.In the strategic frameworks of“cultural power”and“Internet power,”actively expanding overseas digital cultural markets and promoting high-quality digital content exports are vital pathways for China to achieve highquality development and high-standard opening-up.Concurrently,digital content trade is a“dataintensive”trade form,involving large-scale and high-frequency cross-border data transmissions.Therefore,digital content exports are closely linked to data governance.Currently,local governments in China regulate the data in three dimensions:“governance of cross-border data flows”,“governance of data element transactions and circulation”,and“governance of data openness and sharing”.This suggests that the institutional environment for conducting digital content trade varies and evolves across regions.Thus,studying the relationship between“local data governance”and“digital content trade”can not only verify the policy effects of local data governance but also offer new perspectives for promoting the development of digital content trade.This paper focuses on local data governance,manually compiling data governance-related policy documents issued by 67 prefecture-level cities in China from 2014 to 2021,and quantifying the level of local data governance using text analysis methods.Additionally,this paper employs digital content app revenue and download volume as indicators of digital content export trade to examine the impact of local data governance initiatives on the digital content exports of local enterprises.This paper finds that the local data governance initiatives significantly promote digital content exports.Mechanism analysis reveals that the enhancement in digital content export scale through local data governance is achieved by reducing enterprises’cross-border data compliance costs and information acquisition and transmission costs,promoting enterprise innovation,and fostering the agglomeration of data-intensive industries.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of local data governance initiatives on digital content exports varies based on enterprise size,app type,app quality,category of governance initiatives,and the matching degree of data regulation integration between China and the target countries.This paper also uses the staggered-DID method,taking the delineation of“National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone”as a quasi-natural experiment,to enhances the causal inference and the viewpoint of this paper.The findings of this paper provide policy implications for local governments to promote the development of digital content trade and digital economy from the perspective of enhancing local data governance.Local governments should actively establish a secure and efficient mechanism for crossborder data flows,accelerate the construction of a unified,standardized,and vibrant data element market,and leverage the value-creation role of data openness and sharing.In the context of data becoming a key production factor,this paper reveals the multi-dimensional impact of local data governance on digital content trade from the perspective of local data regulation,offering novel research perspectives and empirical evidence.