民国时期中俄东北边境高梅阔夫引渡案研究

Study on the Kalmykoff Extradition Case on the Northeastern Borderland between China and Russia during the Republic of China

1920年,活跃在西伯利亚的高梅阔夫白卫军在与苏俄红军作战失败后流窜至东北境内,苏俄政府提出引渡败兵要求。受协约国态度影响,同时也本着局外中立的原则,北洋政府拒绝引渡败兵,依照公法对入境白卫军解除武装,将以高梅阔夫为首的败军将领与其他士兵集中看管。不过后期高梅阔夫在旧俄驻吉林领事巴策福的帮助下试图潜逃,又因反抗拘捕被击毙。这一事件促使北洋政府宣布取消旧俄驻华使领待遇,其前后处理过程充分体现了中国平衡外交的特点。

In 1920,the Kalmykoff W hite Guards that were active in Siberia,fled to the northeast of China after failing in battle with the Soviet Red Ammy.The Soviet Russia government requested the extradition of the defeated soldiers.Affected by the attitude of the Allied Powers and based on the principle of outsider neutrality,the Northern W arlords Govermment refused to extradite the defeated soldiers and disarmed the incoming White Guards in accordance with international law.The defeated generals headed by Kalmykoff and other soldiers were under concentrated custody.Later,Kalmykoff tried to abscond with the help of Brattsow,the old Russian consul in Jilin,but he was shot dead for resisting arrest.This incident prompted the Northern W arlords Government to announce the cancellation of the treatment of the old Russian envoys in China.The handling process fully reflected the characteristics of China's balanced diplomacy.