在加乌克兰裔人对加拿大乌克兰政策的影响

加拿大是乌克兰独立后外交的重要变量,这一方面是因为加拿大希望推动乌克兰的民主化进程,通过“加拿大-乌克兰议会见习项目”等深度介入了乌克兰的内政改革;另一方面是因为加拿大是仅次于俄罗斯的第二大乌克兰离散人群所在国,有130多万之众。乌克兰裔加拿大人不但在20世纪70年代推动了加拿大多元文化主义成为国策,而且还促使加拿大著名高校建立了多家乌克兰问题研究机构,使得乌克兰问题成为加拿大高校重要课程。另外,以乌克兰裔加拿大人联合会为核心的乌克兰裔离散人群社团积极与加拿大政府互动,在2014年后推动加拿大政府积极介入乌克兰危机。当前,以“乌克兰援助基金会”为代表的新型社团更是致力于医疗援助乌克兰,旗帜鲜明地提出要助推乌克兰加入欧盟。自2022年春俄乌大规模冲突爆发至2023年3月,加拿大政府共出资50多亿美元援助乌克兰,包括发展援助、人道主义援助和军事合作,其中军事项目UNIFIER前后培训了3.9万名乌克兰军事人员,还出售了众多先进武器。跨国族裔是加拿大政府构建多轨外交的重要抓手。

Canada is an important variable in Ukraine's post-independence diplomacy.On the one hand,Canada hopes to promote Ukraine's democratization process and deeply intervenes in Ukraine's internal political reform through the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Apprenticeship Program.On the other hand,Canada is home to the second largest diaspora of Ukrainians after Russia,which numbers more than 1.3 million.Ukrainian Canadians not only promoted multiculturalism as a national policy in Canada in the 1970s,but also encouraged prominent Canadian universities to establish a number of research institutions on Ukrainian issues,making Ukrainian studies an important curriculum in Canadian universities.Moreover,the diaspora community of Ukrainians with the Ukrainian Canadians Congress as its core has actively interacted with the Canadian government and pushed the Canadian government to actively intervene in the Ukraine crisis since 2014.At present,new kind of social organizations represented by the"Canada Support Ukraine Foundation"are dedicated to medical aid to Ukraine,and frankly propose to help Ukraine join the European Union.From the outbreak of large-scale conflict between Russia and Ukraine in the spring of 2022 to March 2023,the Canadian government invested more than US s$5 billion in assistance to Ukraine,including development assistance,humanitarian aid,and military cooperation,which included the training of 39,000 Ukrainian military personnel under the military program UNIFIER and the sale of many advanced weapons.Transnational ethnicity has become an important starting point for the Canadian government to construct multi-track diplomacy.