当代突尼斯犹太人的发展状况与趋势研究

犹太人定居突尼斯的历史悠久,当代突尼斯犹太人分布在突尼斯城和杰尔巴岛,且后者为主要聚集地。犹太人是突尼斯现代民族国家建构的组成部分,具有双重身份。一是犹太人作为突尼斯公民受到国家法律和政府公开支持,犹太人也认同政府政策;二是犹太人作为少数族群坚守犹太传统教育和宗教生活,保持自身特征的同时丰富了突尼斯文化。当代突尼斯犹太人与阿拉伯人之间的互动既有和平交往也有暴力冲突,充分体现犹太人在突尼斯现代民族国家建构中的现实状况。突尼斯犹太人与阿拉伯人统一于“政治民族”之下,区别于“文化民族”之中;犹太人坚守自身文化特性也有利于丰富突尼斯现代民族国家的文化内涵。由于人口不断流失,突尼斯犹太人未来消亡的可能性越来越大。

Tunis has a long history of Jewish settlement,and the contemporary Tunisian Jews are located in Tunis City and Djerba,with the latter being the main gathering place.Jews are an integral part of Tunisia's modern nation-state building and have a dual identity.First,Jews are publicly supported as Tunisian citizens by national laws and government,and they also identify with government policies.Second,Jews,as a minority group,adhere to the traditional Jewish education and religious life,which enriches Tunisian culture while maintaining their own characteristics.The interaction between Jews and Arabs in contemporary Tunisia includes both peaceful exchanges and violent conflicts,which fully reflects the reality of Jews in the construction of modern Tunisian nation-state.The Tunisian Jews and Arabs are united under the"political nation"and distinguished from the"cultural nation";the Jewish adherence to their own cultural identity is conducive to enriching the cultural connotation of Tunisia's modern nation-state.As the Jewish population continues to decline,it is increasingly likely that the Tunisian Jews will disappear in the future.