数字化时代“时间悖论”与人的自由发展——基于马克思自由时间思想的考察

“Time Paradox”and Human’s Free Development in the Digital Age:An Investigation Based on Marx’s Thought on Free Time

自由时间是人类真正自由的存在形式,不仅是人类发展的必要基础,而且是人的发展空间。数字技术通过变革生产节约必要劳动时间,创造出大量自由时间,为人的自由发展提供了更多可能性。然而,在当今资本主义社会,由于受数字资本逻辑支配,数字技术的运用悖谬性地加剧了时间异化,不仅出现了“劳动时间悖论”即劳动时间与自由时间在度上模糊,新型劳动时间同质化,而且导致了“发展时间悖论”即自由时间在质上变得消费化和娱乐化。有鉴于数字资本主义带来了这些“时间悖论”问题,中国特色社会主义在发展的过程中就要认真研究,必须坚持以人为本的科技发展理念,规范数字资本运作,完善劳动保障的伦理规范机制,建构生命尺度的主体时间观念,让数字中国充满时间正义,实现人的自由发展。

Free time is a truly free form of human existence,not only a necessary basis,but also a space for human development.Digital technology saves necessary labor time by transforming production,creates a large amount of free time,and provides more possibilities for human’s free development.However,in today’s capitalist society,due to the dominance of digital capital logic,the application of the digital technology paradoxically intensifies the alienation of time.Not only has the“paradox of labor time”emerged,where the boundaries between labor time and free time are blurred and new forms of labor time are homogenized,but also the“paradox of development time”has arisen,where free time becomes consumerized and entertainment-oriented in quality.In light of the“time paradox”brought about by digital capitalism,it is important for socialism with Chinese characteristics to seriously study these issues during its development.It is imperative to adhere to the people-centered philosophy of technological development,regulate the operations of digital capital,improve the ethical norms and mechanisms of labor protection,construct a conception of subjective time based on the scale of life,make digital China full of time justice,to realize human’s free development.