井时空体:《大漠三部曲》的空间叙事

Well Chronotope:The Spatial Narrative of Desert Trilogy

井是人们汲取物资的重要途径,是乡村人聚集与生活展开的社会空间,也一直是中国文学中的重要意象。时间与空间在“井”这一意象上的结合,可视作一种以井时空为构架的叙事模式,即井时空体。中国乡土小说常见围绕“井”进行的空间叙事。雪漠《大漠三部曲》中的“井”是故事展开的场所、情节发展的线索、窥视人物内心的入口,也是架构文本的脉络。其中每一种井都蕴含着特定的主题,对井的时空呈现是小说意义的重要来源:村庄水井对应传统乡土文明,矿井对应现代工业文明,沙漠之井对应人类在资源匮乏窘境下的生死存亡。通过井时空体,雪漠展现了西部乡村中人与自然、革新和传统、农村和城市的矛盾以及农民进退两难的生活现状和精神困境。《大漠三部曲》以“井”的时空再现了社会生活和历史变革的图景。

Wells are important ways not only for basic needs and social space for villagers to gather and live,but also a source of significant imageries in Chinese literature.The combination of time and space in the imagery of “well” can be regarded as a narrative mode based on the well's time and space,which can be termed as “the well chronotope”.The spatial narrative centering on the well is common in Chinese local novels.Examples are Xuemo's Desert Trilogy where the well is the place where the story unfolds,the clue for plot development,the entrance through which readers peep into characters' hearts and the thread of the text's structure.In addition,each kind of well in Desert Trilogy expresses a specific theme,and the spatial and temporal depiction of wells is an important source of meaning in these three novels:the well in the village corresponds to the traditional rural civilization;the pit for mining corresponds to the modern industrial civilization;and the well in the desert is a metaphor of the life-death struggle of human beings in the resource crisis.Through the well chronotope,Xuemo shows the contradictions between man and nature,innovation and tradition,the countryside and the city in Western China,as well as the material and spiritual dilemma in Chinese peasants' life,recreating the picture of social life and historical changes.